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Created by Maddie Wright
almost 6 years ago
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Question | Answer |
Alveoli | Tiny folds of the lung epithelium to increase the surface area. We have many in our lungs. |
Bronchi & bronchioles | Small airway leading to the lungs, bronchi divide into many bronchioles |
Diaphragm | A layer of muscle beneath the lungs, when it contracts its flattened, when its relaxed it is dome shaped. |
INtercostal muscles | Muscles between the ribs. Humans have both external and internal ones. |
Trachea | The main airway leading from the back of the mouth to the lungs. |
Ventilation | The refreshing of the air in the lungs, so that there is a higher oxygen concentration than in the blood, and a lower carbon dioxide concentration |
Breathing rate | The number of breaths per minute |
Oxygen uptake | The volume of oxygen absorbed by the lungs in one minute |
Tidal volume | The volume of air inhaled or exhaled in one breath, usually meaured at rest |
Vital capacity | The greatest volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after taking the deepest possible breath. |
Buccal cavity | (Fish) the mouth |
Countercurrent flow | Where two fluids flow in opposite directions |
Filaments | Slender branches of tissue that make up the gill. |
Lamellae | Folds of the filament to increase surface area. |
Operculum | Bony flap that covers and protects the gills. |
Spiracle | An external opening or pore that allows air in or out of the tracheae in insects. |
Tracheal fluid | (insects) The fluid found at the ends of the tracheoles in the tracheal system. |
Tracheal system | (insects) A system of air-filled tubes |
Double circulatory system | One in which the blood flows through the heart twice for each circuit of the body |
Single circulatory system | One in which the blood flows through the heart once for each circuit of the body. |
Arteries | Vessels that carry blood away from the heart |
Arterioles | small blood vessels that distribute blood from an artery to the capillaries |
Capillaries | very small vessels |
Veins | vessels that carry blood back to the heart |
venules | small blood vessels that collect blood from capillaries and lead to veins |
Closed circulatory system | One in which the blood is held in vessels |
Open circulatory system | One in which the blood is not held in vessels |
Hydrostatic pressure | The pressure that a fluid exerts when pushing against the sides of a vessel or container |
Oncotic pressure | The pressure created by the osmotic effects of solutes |
Bradycardia | Slow heart rate |
Tachycardia | Rapid heart rate |
Chloride shift | The movement of chloride ions into erythrocytes to balance the charge as hydrogencarbonate ions leave the cell |
Bohr effect | The effect that extra carbon dioxide has on the haemoglobin, explaining the release of more oxygen |
Plasmodesmata | Gaps in the cell wall of phloem |
Hydrophyte | A plant adapted to living in water |
Xerophyte | A plant adapted to living in dry conditions |
Sink | A part of the plant where assimilates are removed from the transport system |
Source | A part of the plant that loads assimilates into the transport system |
Translocation | The transport of assimilates throughout a plant |
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