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Flashcards

The restless earth.

Chloe Maria Bell English 33 cards

The restless earth.

Cards in this deck (33)

  1. 1DESCRIBE THE CRUSTA thin layer of rock around the earth.
    (From 3km-20km thick)
  2. 2DESCRIBE THE MANTLEMolten liquid rock that is approx 2000-3000 degrees Celsius. Can be runny but also viscous.
  3. 3DESCRIBE THE OUTER COREHot rock that is very thick and in some cases solid, from 3000-4000 degrees Celsius.
  4. 4DESCRIBE THE INNER COREA solid ball of metal in the center of the earth and reaches up to temperatures of up to 6000 degrees Celsius.
  5. 5WHAT IS MEANT BY CONVECTION CURRENTSThe energy created by the mantle- hot liquid rising and then cooling creates a lot of movement in the mantle.
  6. 6WHAT IS MEANT BY PLATE BOUNDARIES.The crust is broken up into plates, where two or more plates meet is called a plate boundarie.
  7. 7WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OCEANIC AND CONTINENTAL CRUSTS?Oceanic- young, denser, can be destroyed.
    Continental- older, lighter, cannot be destroyed.
  8. 8WHAT HAPPENS AT A DESTRUCTIVE SEDUCTION PLATE BOUNDARY.Involves a oceanic and continental crust. Oceanic moves towards continental die to the convection currents from the mantle, the oceanic sinks underneath as it is heavier. As it moves underneath, the friction can cause strong earthquakes, as the crust goes into the mantle it is destroyed, this creates an excess of molten rock, this pushes up through the continental crust. Over time it goes onto the surface, this will create composite volcanoes.WHAT HAPPENS AT A DESTRUCTIVE SEDUCTION PLATE BOUNDARY.
  9. 9WHAT HAPPENS AT A DESTRUCTION COLLISION PLATE BOUNDARYInvolves two continental crusts, push towards each other, cannot be destroyed so push each other up, this is caused by convection currents, this can create fold mountains and strong earthquakes, no volcanoes occur here.WHAT HAPPENS AT A DESTRUCTION COLLISION PLATE BOUNDARY
  10. 10WHAT HAPPENS AT A CONSERVATIVE PLATE BOUNDARYWhere two plates rub alongside each other, this is caused by the convection currents in the mantle, as they move alongside each other the friction can cause earthquakes, when the plates become stuck this can cause pressure to build up, as the plates separate it can cause very strong earthquakes.WHAT HAPPENS AT A CONSERVATIVE PLATE BOUNDARY
  11. 11WHAT HAPPENS AT A CONSTRUCTIVE PLATE BOUNDARYWhere two oceanic plates move away from each other, this is caused by the convection currents in the mantle, when the two plates move molten rock rises from the magma layer, as it rises it can cause small earthquakes, the molten rock will cool and create new land, the eruptions are usually mild and dome volcanoes are created here.WHAT HAPPENS AT A CONSTRUCTIVE PLATE BOUNDARY
  12. 12WHERE DO FOLD MOUNTAINS OCCUR?At destructive collision plate boundaries, and destructive subduction plate boundaries.
  13. 13HOW DO FOLD MOUNTAINS FORM?Where an area of sea separates two plates, sediments settle on the sea floor in depressions called geosynclines. These sediments gradually become compressed into sedimentary rock. When the two plates move towards each other again, the layers of sedimentary rock on the sea floor become crumpled and folded. Eventually the sedimentary rock appears above sea level as a range of fold mountains.HOW DO FOLD MOUNTAINS FORM?
  14. 14WHERE DO OCEAN TRENCHES FORMDestructive subduction plate boundaries.
  15. 15HOW DO OCEAN TRENCHES FORMInvolves an oceanic and continental crust. Oceanic moves towards continental due to the convection currents in the mantle, the oceanic sinks underneath as it is heavier, as it goes underneath this causes an ocean trenchHOW DO OCEAN TRENCHES FORM
  16. 16WHERE DO SHIELD VOLCANOES FORM?Constructive plate boundaries.
  17. 17DESCRIBE THE FEATURES OF A SHIELD VOLCANOEWide base, gentle slopes, lava (runny), because it is runny it means that the lava can spread for a further distance resulting in its wide base.DESCRIBE THE FEATURES OF A SHIELD VOLCANOE
  18. 18DESCRIBE THE FEATURES OF A SHIELD VOLCANOE ERUPTIONFrequent, not very violent
  19. 19WHERE DO COMPOSITE VOLCANOES FORMDestructive plate boundaries
  20. 20DESCRIBE THE FEATURES OF A COMPOSITE VOLCANOE?Steep slopes, narrow base, have alternative layers of ash and felsic lava (very thick).DESCRIBE THE FEATURES OF A COMPOSITE VOLCANOE?
  21. 21DESCRIBE THE FEATURES OF COMPOSITE VOLCANOE ERUPTIONSViolent, not frequent, pyroclastic flows.
  22. 22WHAT IS A PYROCLASTIC FLOW AND WHY ARE THEY HAZARDOUS?A fast moving cloud of ash and rock, they are hazardous because they can reach temperatures of up to 1000 degrees celsius and travel up to 500mph.
  23. 23WHAT IS A LAHAR AND WHY ARE THEY HAZARDOUS?A mudflow that is made up of ash and water, they can be hazardous because they can travel up to 50mph, they can break river banks and cause major flooding, it sets like concrete.
  24. 24WHAT ARE ASH CLOUDS AND WHY ARE THEY HAZARDOUS?Massive clouds of as that reach heights of 20 miles, they are hazardous because when people breath it in it hardens in the lungs, can settle on the ground of depths up to 3 feet, clogs electronic equiptment, weight of it can cause buildings collapse.
  25. 25WHAT IS LAVA AND WHY IS IT HAZARDOUS?Molten liquid rock, reaches temperatures up 2000 degrees celsius, destroys most things in its path, slow moving.
  26. 26HOW DOES A SEISMOMETER HELP PREDICT VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS?As molton rock travels through the crust, it causes earthquakes; seimometers detet the movement in the earth.
  27. 27HOW DOES A TILTMETER HELP PREDICT VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS?As a volcano erupts, its shape can change, the tilt meter records the angle/shape of the volcano.
  28. 28HOW DO GAS SENSORS HELP PREDICT VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS?As volcanoes erupt, they emit lot of gas (sulphur dioxide being one of the major gases), so a rise in certain gases could mean it is about to erupt.
  29. 29HOW DO THERMAL SATELLITES HELP PREDICT VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS?When the molton rock travels through the crust, this cause the temperature to rise, thermal satellites detect this and could help predict a volcanic eruption.
  30. 30WHAT IS AN EARTHQUAKE?A sudden release of seismic energy in the earths crust.
  31. 31HOW DO THEY HAPPEN?At the different plate boundaries, most severe at destructive and conservative plate boundaries where the plates are rubbing alongside each other, become stuck, builds up pressure and releases a large amount of seismic energy.
  32. 32WHAT IS MEANT BY THE EPICENTER?The point directly above the focus, the strongest point of the earthquake where the seismic energy is at its strongest.
  33. 33WHAT IS MEANT BY THE FOCUS?Where the earthquake starts underground. The closer to the surface, the bigger the possibility that the earthquake will be strong.

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Flashcards on The restless earth., created by Chloe Maria Bell on 06/02/2015.
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