Flashcards
Lecture 7: The Spine
Cards in this deck (11)
- 1RolesProtects Spinal Cord
Allows, directs and controls movement
Load transfer from head to trunk of pelvis - 2Spinal RegionsAnterior Region Consists of:
- Intervertebral bodies
Intervertebral discs
- Longitudinal ligaments
Posterior Region Consists of:
- Facets
- Spinous processes
- Various other ligaments - 3Intervertebral DiscAbsorbs shock and restrains excessive motion
- Discs have 2 sections:
Nucleus Pulposis (Inside)
- Acts like rubber ball, gives disc elasticity and compressibility
- No direct blood supply
- Relies on diffusion for nutrients
Annulus Fibrosis (Outside)
- Tough outer covering composed of fibrocartilage
- Crisscross collagen fibres provide resistance to bending and torsion loads. - 4Pressure DistributionDuring loading of spine, the nucleus pulposis acts hydrostatically
- Uniform distribution of pressure
Nucleus Pulposis: 1.5 times the external load
Annulus Fibrosis: 0.5 times external load - 5Disc DegenerationDegeneration reduces the hydrophilic capacity
Disc becomes less hydrated, stores less energy and reduces ability to distribute load - 6Functional Motion of SpineROM largely age dependant
- Decreasing by around 30% with age
Males typically have more ROM in flex/ext
Females typically have more ROM in lateral flex - 7Static LoadingSpine considered to be a modified elastic rod, due to flexibility and shock absorption properties
Factors influencing this include:
- IV Discs
- Longitudinal Ligaments
- Elastic properties of Ligamentum Flavum
- Curvatures of Spine
- Trunk Muscles - 8Loading of Spine During StandingPostural Muscles are active
- Line of gravity passes anteriorly to the centre of the 4th Lumbar vertebrae
Body maintains balance by increasing muscle activity
- This increases postural sway (horizontal movement of the COG even when a person is standing still
Hip muscles influence activity to postural muscles and affect static loads - 9ExercisesStrengthening exercises of trunk reduces spine loads
Arching back in the prone position greatly activates the erector spinae, and produces high loads on lumbar spine
Sit ups, reverse sit ups strengthen abdominal muscles
No particular exercise has been shown to be most effective - 10Cervical SpineSupports skull
Shock absorption
Protection of brain stem, spinal cord and neurovasculature - 11Cervical TraumaMotor vehicle accidents remain a leading cause of cervical injury
Include: Airbag injuries, whiplash syndrome
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- Functional Anatomy Flashcards on Lecture 7: The Spine, created by Mr Italiano10 on 18/10/2019.
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- Mr Italiano10
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