Flashcards
Session 8 - Infectious Diseases
Cards in this deck (20)
- 1Define InfectionA disease caused by invasion of the body by pathogenic organisms
- 2What types of organisms cause infectionsPrions - protein only no genetic material
Viral - intracellular that require living host
Bacteria - unicellular that survives without living host
Fungi - single to multicellular - yeast & moulds
Parasites - 3What are the principles of infectionExposure of individual to pathogen where pathogen can gain entry to body in numbers
Susceptibility - source of infection
Method of transmission - Contact, Air, Biological
Host Resistance
Circumstances - 4What are the 4 sources of infectionsSocioeconomic - hygiene
Nosocomial - acquired in hospital
Iatrogenic - Caused by medical examination/surgery
Zoonotic - exposure to animals - 5What factors decrease host resistance to infection?Age
Genetics
Malnutrition
Chronic Disease
Immunodeficiency
Stress
Damaged primary defence mechanisms - cuts/burns on skin
Poor inflammatory response - 6What is virulenceThe degree of pathogenicity of an organism - how much potential the organism has to establish and cause disease.
- 7What portals of entry can a pathogen use?Absorbtion - Skin
Inhalation - Respiratory tract
Ingestion - GIT
Genitourinary - eg: STD's - 8What are the portals of exit of a pathogenSputum and mucosal
Saliva
Semen & vaginal Secretions
Urine
Faeces
Blood - 9What is the course of infection?Incubation - time between exposure and onset of symptoms
Prodromal Illness - Onset of symptoms, beginning of disease
Acute Phase - Period of acute signs & symptoms
Decline Phase - Immune system overcomes effects of the pathogen
Convalescence - Body repairs itself & regains strength - 10Describe the variations of the Infection CourseACUTE - symptoms appear and the disease runs course quickly
FULMINATING - sudden onset of symptoms, disease runs course rapidly,often fatal
CHRONIC - slow disease progression and persists for long periods
LATENT - dormant pathogen that may reactivate later
SUBCLINICAL - Infection produces immune response without recognisable symptoms - 11List the types of infectionsLOCALISED - Confined to one area of body
MIXED - Multiple pathogens causing disease
PRIMARY - first sign of infection in healthy host
SECONDARY - develops when defences are lowered by primary infections
SUPER INFECTION - results from then overgrowth of opportunistic organisms following the destruction of normal flora - 12List some of the signs of InfectionInflammation
Pain
Swelling
Redness
Heat
Purulent exudate - bacterial
Serous exudate - viral - 13SYMPTOMS OF INFECTIONFever
Fatigue
Weakness
Headache
Nausea
Skin rashes - 14List Treatments for infectionAntibiotics
Antimicrobial drugs
Antiviral agents
Anti malarials (for parasites)
Immunosuppressive agents
Anti pyretics - symptom relied - 15Explain Clearance MechanismsThe Immune System produces immune molecules and cells to remove or clear the pathogen from the body
Non Specific Immune Defences - Fever, Inflammation, Complement, Macrophages
Specific Immune Defences - Antibody production & Cytotoxic T cells - 16Describe the 4 Clearance MechanismsCOMPLEMENT
Activated by the pathogen or by antigen-antibody complexes
MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX
Proteins attach to pathogen membrane and cause lysis
PHAGOCYTOSIS
INTERFERON
proteins made by host cell to activate NK cells - 17What is Ross River FeverViral infection bourne by mosquito bites
Symptoms appear 3-21 days from bite and can persist for up to 12 months
Only symptomatic treatment available - 18What is CandidiasisClassified as an opportunistic pathogen
Infection of mucus membranes - thrush & infection of skin - skin folds
Symptoms of Itching
Treatment with anti-fungal drugs - 19What is Legionaires DiseaseBacteria that resides in warm, wet environments
Spread via inhaled water droplets
Causes pulmonary infections
Symptoms of pneumonia - fever, cough, malaise, shortness of breath, chest pain
Diagnosis with x ray
Treatment with antibiotics - 20What is GiardiaIntestinal parasite transmitted by contaminated food or water, attaches to mucosa of small intestine.
Symptoms include diarrhoea, nausea, cramps
May persist for months but is self limiting
Information
- Description
- Flashcards on Session 8 - Infectious Diseases, created by Nelle on 09/09/2013.
- Created by
- Nelle
- Views
- 22
- Rating