Flashcards
7.3: Operant Conditioning
Cards in this deck (24)
- 1Thorndike's Law of Effectbehaviors that are followed by "satisfying state of affairs" tend to be repeated and those that produce an "unpleasant state of affairs" are less likely to be repeated
- 2instrumental learningThorndike; process where animals utilize trial and error to achieve desired outcome
- 3operant conditioningtype of learning in which consequences of organism's behavior determine whether it will repeat that behavior in the future
- 4Skinner boxB.F. Skinner; chamber used to study operant conditioning; e.g. box with lever that releases food when pressed
- 5reinforcementincreases likelihood of behavior
- 6punishmentdecreases likelihood of behavior
- 7reinforcerany stimulus or event that increases likelihood of behavior
- 8punisherany stimulus or event that decreases likelihood of behavior
- 9positive reinforcementstimulus is presented, increases likelihood of behavior
- 10negative reinforcementstimulus is removed, increases likelihood of behavior
- 11positive punishmentstimulus is presented, decreases likelihood of behavior
- 12negative punishmentstimulus is removed, decreases likelihood of behavior
- 13primary reinforcerstimuli that are naturally reinforcing because they satisfy biological needs, such as food and shelter
- 14secondary reinforcerstimuli that acquire reinforcing properties through their association with primary reinforcers through classical conditioning, such as money associated with food
- 15discriminative stimulustype of stimulus that is used consistently to gain a specific response and that increases the possibility that the desired response will occur
- 16operant generalizationoperant response occurs to new stimulus/situation that is similar to the original one (e.g. baby Albert)
- 17operant discriminationoperant response will occur to one stimulus but not to another
- 18operant extinctionweakening of response due to lack of enforcement
- 19continuous reinforcementevery response of particular type is reinforced (e.g. giving kid candy every time they finish their homework)
- 20partial reinforcementonly a portion of responses of particular type are reinforced
- 21ratio schedule vs. interval scheduleratio: certain percentage of responses are reinforced; based on # of responses
interval: certain amount of time must elapse between reinforcements regardless of how many responses occur - 22fixed schedule vs. variable schedulefixed: reinforcement occurs after fixed number of responses or fixed interval
variable: required number of responses or interval varies at random around average - 23fixed ratio schedule vs. variable ratio schedulefixed ratio: reinforcement is given after fixed # of responses (e.g. free drink after ten drinks)
variable ratio: reinforcement is given after variable number of responses, all centered around average - 24fixed interval schedule vs. variable interval schedulefixed interval: reinforcement is given to first response after fixed time interval
variable interval: reinforcement is given to first response after variable time interval, centered around average
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- Psych: Chpt 5-8, 11 Flashcards on 7.3: Operant Conditioning, created by A G on 03/11/2019.
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- A G
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