Flashcards
Religious Language
Cards in this deck (27)
- 1Vienna circle.20th century group of logical positivists that claim metaphysical and theological language is meaningless.
- 2A.J. AyerEnglish philosopher known for his promotion of logical positivism, particularly in his books Language, Truth, and Logic and The Problem of Knowledge
- 3Statements about the world, which can either be true or false.Cognitive statements.
- 4Statements which are neither true or false.Non-cognitive statements.
- 5A.J Ayer's 2 forms of verification principle.1) Strong verification
- verified in practise.
2) Weak verification
- Some evidence that counts towards it. - 618th Scottish philosopher . - Rationalist and atheist - Empirical view - More evidence = higher probability.David Hume
- 7How did Hume view religion?Religion can be about faith and how humans interact with God.
Some view it in factual claims but Hume suggests how the truth of religion is about the truth of the claim it makes. - 8Synthetic statements.Propositions made upon the world, but it needs to be checked with empirical evidence.
- 9Meaningless Statements.Any statements which aren't synthetic or analytic are meaningless. They can't be verified, thus having no meaning.
- 10What does Anselm try and do in his ontological argument?Attempts to make 'God Exist' an analytic statement.
- 11True by definition and are meaningful.Analytic Statements.
- 12Verification principleA method to determine if something can be verified.
- 13'Tractatus Logico philosophicus'Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951)
- 14What was Wittgenstein's theory of language?Function of language is to picture the world - the picture being our model of reality.
If you can picture it, it must exist - 15Language Game Theory.Theory proposed by Wittgenstein which discusses how each religion has a set of rules you must know to understand the meaning.
- 16'Chess Analogy'Although not an actual analogy proposed by Wittgenstein, it's the idea that one must know the rules of chess to understand it and also play it.
- 17Strengths of the language game theory.Our conceptual view on language is so difficult that we won't be able to translate it - "If a lion could speak, we wouldn't be able to understand"
- Discourages debates between religious and secular thinkers playing different games - 18Weakness of the language game theory.Where does that leave individuals who are not religious, but understand the rules of the religious games?
Analogy is far superior to previous analogies, such as Hare's. - 19Parable of the lunatic.R.M. Hare (1919-2002)
- 20BlikHare's idea of how individuals subjectively view and interpret the world. Everyone has their own 'blik'.
- 21Strengths of Hare1) Religious people definitely see the world differently. ( link to celestial city )
2) Does explain why it is that different religions make claims - truths can contradict each other
3) why would a christian make these claims if they didn't believe in them? - 22Weakness of Hare's analogy.1) Most believers do not see their statements as non-cognitive: they believe they are factually correct.
2) If there are no factual truths about christianity, then the value is reduced down to their psychological and sociological statements. - 23UnivocalThe word has exactly the same meaning at all times.
- 24Equivocalsame word is used for two completely different meanings.
- 251) Matter of fact. 2) Relations between idea.David Hume's two pronged fork.
- 26Key thinker in the Vienna Circle.Moritz schlick
- 27—
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- A brief summary and emphasis on the features which consist of the Religious language section.
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- Nathan Langley
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