Flashcards
Catastrophe
Cards in this deck (35)
- 1What is weathering?When rocks don't move and are worn away.
- 2What is chemical weathering?Chemical weathering happens when rainwater reacts with minerals in the rock.
- 3Why is rainwater acidic?Rainwater is slightly acidic because it contains dissolved gases.
- 4What are the two types of physical weathering?Onion skin and freeze-thaw
- 5What is onion skin weathering?Temperature changes can cause physical weathering. The rock expands during the day when it is hot and contracts when it is cold at night.
- 6What is freeze-thaw action?Physical weathering can also happen when water gets into the rock and freezes. Water expands when it turns into ice, and makes the crack wider.
- 7What is biological weathering ?Biological weathering is when rocks are broken up or worn away due to plants and animals.
- 8How can plants cause biological weathering?Plant roots can cause biological weathering. The plant roots grow into small cracks in the rocks, and push the sides of the crack apart when they grow bigger.
- 9What is erosion?Erosion is when rocks move and are worn away.
- 10What is abrasion?When pieces of rock bump into each other and bits get knocked of them.
- 11What is sediment?The bits of rock carried by a river.
- 12How are sedimentary rocks formed?When the water deposits the sediments layer by layer until they build up on top of each other and squish together to make sedimentary rocks
- 13How are fossils formed?When dead plants and animals fall to the bottom of the sea and are covered by other layers of sediment.
- 14What are rocks made of?Grains
- 15What are grains made of?Grains are made of a chemical called a mineral.
- 16What does porous mean?Having gaps between grains that allow liquids or air to pass through
- 17What does interlocking mean?A lot of joined up grains that leave no space for anything to pass through?
- 18What kinds of rock are easily susceptible to chemical weathering?Those containing calcium carbonate (e.g. limestone or chalk)
- 19What is magma?Molten rock beneath the Earth's surface.
- 20What is a parasitic cone?A small cone-shaped volcano formed by an accumulation of volcanic debris.
- 21What is a sill?A flat piece of rock formed when magma hardens in a crack in a volcano.
- 22What is a vent?An opening in Earth's surface through which volcanic materials escape.
- 23What is a flank?The side of a volcano.
- 24What is lava?Molten rock that erupts from a volcano that solidifies as it cools.
- 25What is a crater?Mouth of a volcano - surrounds a volcanic vent.
- 26What is a conduit?An underground passage magma travels through.
- 27What is a summit?Highest point; apex
- 28What is a throat?Entrance of a volcano. The part of the conduit that ejects lava and volcanic ash.
- 29What is ash?Fragments of lava or rock less than 2mm in size that are blasted into the air by volcanic explosions.
- 30What is an ash cloud?A cloud of ash formed by volcanic explosions.
- 31What does sulphur dioxide do?It leads to acid rain after the volcano eruption.
- 32How are igneous rocks formed?They're formed from cooling magma or lava.
- 33What is extrusive igneous rock?When igneous rocks are formed on the surface of the Earth.
- 34What is intrusive igneous rock?Rock formed beneath the Earth's surface by magma.
- 35Why is there a difference in the size of crystals in different rocks?The time in which magma/lava takes to cool varies. When it takes longer the crystals are bigger and vice-versa
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- Focuses mainly on weathering and volcanoes
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- Amal S
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