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Phys P1 (after efficiency) - F

malaika khan Physics Year 10 English 79 cards

Phys P1 (after efficiency) - F

Cards in this deck (79)

  1. 1What are non-renewable resources?Non-renewable energy resources are fossil fuels and nuclear fuel (e.g. uranium and plutonium). Fossil fuels are natural resources that form underground over millions of years. They are typically burnt to provide energy
  2. 2What are the 3 main fossil fuels?Coal
    Oil
    (Natural) Gas
  3. 3What are the 7 renewable energy resources?The Sun (Solar)
    Wind
    Water Waves
    Hydro-electricity
    Bio-fuel
    Tides
    Geothermal
  4. 4Characteristics of NON-renewable resourcesThese will all 'run out' one day.
    They all do damage to the environment.
    But they provide most of our energy.
  5. 5Characteristics of renewable resourcesThere will never run out -- the energy can be 'renewed' as it is used.
    Most of them do damage the environment, but in less nasty ways than non-renewables.
    The trouble is they don't provide much energy and some of them are unreliable because they depend on the weather.
  6. 6Non-renewable energy resources -Transport examplePetrol and diesel-powered vehicles use fuel created from oil.
    Coal is used in some old-fashioned steam trains to boil water to produce steam
  7. 7Renewable energy resources -Transport exampleVehicles that run on pure bio-fuels or a mix of bio-fuel and petrol or diesel (only the bio-fuel bit is renewable though)
  8. 8Non-renewable energy resources -Heating example ~ Natural gasNatural Gas is the most widely used fuel for heating homes in the UK. The gas is used to heat water, which is then pumped through radiators throughout the home
  9. 9Non-renewable energy resources -Heating example ~ CoalCoal is commonly burnt in fireplaces
  10. 10Non-renewable energy resources -Heating example ~ Electric heaters(sometimes called storage heaters) which use electricity generated from non-renewable energy resources.
  11. 11Renewable energy resources -Heating example ~ Geothermal heat pumpA geothermal heat pump uses geothermal energy resources to heat buildings
  12. 12Renewable energy resources -Heating example ~ Solar water heatersSolar water heaters work by using the sun to heat water which is then pumped into radiators in the building
  13. 13Renewable energy resources -Heating example ~ Bio-fuelBurning bio-fuel or using electricity generated from renewable resources can also be used for heating
  14. 14Wind power 1-21) Each turbine has a generator inside it - rotating blades turn the generator and produce electricity.
    2) There's no pollution (except a bit when manufactured)
  15. 15Wind power 3 - requirements3) Need about 1500 wind turbines to replace 1 coal-fired power station and 1500 cover a lot of ground - would have a bit effect on scenery/spoil view
  16. 16Wind power 4 - social problem4) Can be very noisy, which can be annoying for people living nearby
  17. 17Wind power 5 - demand5) Also, the problem of wind turbines stopping when the wind stops, or if the wind is too strong, and it's impossible to increase supply when there's extra demand (unlike power stations). On average, WTs produce electricity 70-85% of the time
  18. 18Wind power 6 - costs6) Initial costs are quite high, but there are no fuel costs and minimal running costs
  19. 19Wind power 7 - view7) There's no permanent damage to the landscape - if you remove the turbines, you remove the noise and the view returns to normal
  20. 20Solar cells 1-21) Solar cells are often the best source of energy to charge batteries in calculators and watches which don't use much electricity
  21. 21Solar cell diagramSolar cell diagram
  22. 22Solar cells 2 - location2) Solar power is often used in remote places where there's not much choice (e.g. the Australian outback) and to power electric road signs and satellites
  23. 23Solar cells 3 - pollution3) There's no pollution
    (although factories do use quite a lot of energy and produce some pollution when they manufacture the cells
  24. 24Geothermal powerGeothermal power uses energy from underground thermal stores
  25. 25Geothermal power diagramGeothermal power diagram
  26. 26Geothermal power 1 - location1) This is only possible in volcanic areas where hot rocks lie quite near to the surface. The source of much of the energy is the slow decay of various radioactive elements, including uranium, deep inside the earth
  27. 27Geothermal power 2-3 ~ reliabilityGeothermal power 2-3 ~ reliability
  28. 28Geothermal energy 4 - drawbacksGeothermal energy 4 - drawbacks
  29. 29Hydro-electric powerHydro-electric power transfers energy from the KE store of falling water
  30. 30HEP diagramHEP diagram
  31. 31HEP 1 - requirementsHEP usually requires the flooding of a valley by building a big dam.
    Rainwater is caught and allowed out through turbines
  32. 32HEP 2 - environmental impactHEP 2 - environmental impact
  33. 33HEP 3-4 ~ pro and conHEP 3-4 ~ pro and con
  34. 34HEP 5 - costInitial costs are high, but there are no fuel costs and minimal running costs
  35. 35HEP 6 - scale/areaIt can be a useful way to generate electricity on a small scale in remote areas
  36. 36Wave power 1 - requirementsWave power 1 - requirements
  37. 37Wave power 2 - pollutionWave power 2 - pollution
  38. 38Wave power 3 - reliabilityWave power 3 - reliability
  39. 39Wave power 4 - costsWave power 4 - costs
  40. 40What do tidal barrages use?Tidal barrages use the Sun and Moon's gravity
  41. 41Tidal barrages 1-2 ~ tides and buildingTidal barrages 1-2 ~ tides and building
  42. 42Tidal barrages 3 - productionTides are produced by the gravitational pull of the Sun and Moon
  43. 43Tidal barrages diagramTidal barrages diagram
  44. 44Tidal barrages 4 - pollutionTidal barrages 4 - pollution
  45. 45Tidal barrages 5 - reliabilityTidal barrages 5 - reliability
  46. 46Tidal barrages 6 - costTidal barrages 6 - cost
  47. 47What are biofuels made from?Either plant products or animal dung
  48. 48What form do bio-fuels take?Can be either:
    -solid
    -liquid
    -gas
    and can be burnt to produce electricity or run cars in same way as fossil fuels
  49. 49Bio-fuels diagramBio-fuels diagram
  50. 50Bio-fuels PROS 1 (emissions)1) they are supposedly carbon neutral, although there is some debate about this as it's only really true if you keep growing plants at the rate you're burning things.
  51. 51Bio-fuels PROS 2 (reliability)2) Fairly reliable, as crops take a relatively short time to grow and different crops can be grown all year round. However, they can't respond to immediate energy demands. To combat this, BFs are continuously processed and stored for when needed
  52. 52Bio-fuels CONS 1 (cost)1) The cost to refine bio-fuels so they are suitable for use is very high
  53. 53Bio-fuels CONS 2 (space/water)2) Some worry that growing crops specifically for biofuels will mean there isn't enough space or water to meet the demands for crops that are grown for food.
  54. 54Bio-fuels CONS 3 (deforestation)Bio-fuels CONS 3 (deforestation)
  55. 55Non-renewables reliability 1 - demandNon-renewables reliability 1 - demand
  56. 56Non-renewables reliability 2 - finite resourcesNon-renewables reliability 2 - finite resources
  57. 57Non-renewables reliability 3 - costNon-renewables reliability 3 - cost
  58. 58Non-renewables environmental problems 1 - global warmingNon-renewables environmental problems 1 - global warming
  59. 59Non-renewables environmental problems 2-3 ~ sulfur dioxideNon-renewables environmental problems 2-3 ~ sulfur dioxide
  60. 60Non-renewables environmental problems 4 - landscapeNon-renewables environmental problems 4 - landscape
  61. 61Non-renewables environmental problems 5 - oil spillsNon-renewables environmental problems 5 - oil spills
  62. 62Non-renewables environmental problems 6 - Nuclear waste disposalNon-renewables environmental problems 6 - Nuclear waste disposal
  63. 63Non-renewables environmental problems 7 - Nuclear waste decommissioningNon-renewables environmental problems 7 - Nuclear waste decommissioning
  64. 64Non-renewables environmental problems 8 - Nuclear power riskNuclear power always carries the risk of a major catastrophe like the Fukushima disaster in Japan
  65. 65Dependance on fossil fuels over 20th centuryDependance on fossil fuels over 20th century
  66. 66Dependance on fossil fuels since the beginning of 21st centuryDependance on fossil fuels since the beginning of 21st century
  67. 67Where do we to produce most of our electricity?Fossils fuels
    Mostly coal and gas, and from nuclear power
  68. 68Reasons for burning fossils fuelsGenerating electricity
    Oil (diesel and petrol) is used to fuel cars,
    and gas is used to heat homes and cook food.
  69. 69Aim to increase renewable energy use - targetAim to increase renewable energy use - target
  70. 70Reasons for increasing renewable energy use (1 - environment)We know burning FFs is very damaging to the environment. This makes people want to use renewable energy resources that affect the environment less
  71. 71Reasons for increasing renewable energy use (2 - finite)Reasons for increasing renewable energy use (2 - finite)
  72. 72Reasons for increasing renewable energy use (3 - international/public pressure)Reasons for increasing renewable energy use (3 - international/public pressure)
  73. 73Reasons for increasing renewable energy use (4 - cars)Reasons for increasing renewable energy use (4 - cars)
  74. 74Use of renewables LIMITATIONS 1 - behaviourUse of renewables LIMITATIONS 1 - behaviour
  75. 75Use of renewables LIMITATIONS 2 - building costsUse of renewables LIMITATIONS 2 - building costs
  76. 76Use of renewables LIMITATIONS 3 - locationUse of renewables LIMITATIONS 3 - location
  77. 77Use of renewables LIMITATIONS 4 - reliabilityUse of renewables LIMITATIONS 4 - reliability
  78. 78Use of renewables LIMITATIONS 5 - researchUse of renewables LIMITATIONS 5 - research
  79. 79Use of renewables LIMITATIONS 6 - personal expenseUse of renewables LIMITATIONS 6 - personal expense

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the latter of P1
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