Flashcards
AP Euro Chapter 17
Cards in this deck (29)
- 1DumaThe Russian revolution in 1905 wanted to establish a constitutional monarchy by creating a Duma (parliament).
- 2Dual AllianceBismarck created the Dual Alliance, which is a military treaty between Germany and Austro-Hungarian.
- 3Entente PowersThe Entente Powers were Britain, Russia, and France.
- 4Black HandA secret Serbian nationalist group that the assassin of Archduke Ferdinand was cooperating with.
- 5Blank CheckThe Germany gave Austro-Hungary a "blank check", which meant that Germany would aid Austro-Hungary in the conflict against Serbia no matter the expenses.
- 6Fourteen PointsThe Fourteen Points were created by Woodrow Wilson, which set the outline for the peace treaty. It was an idealistic document that hoped to avoid future conflicts with 14 rules/standards.
- 7Kaiser Wilhelm IIKaiser Wilhelm II made Bismarck retire and didn't renew the Reinsurance Treaty with Russia. He also made the mistake of creating the High Seas Fleet, which was a direct threat towards the British navies. He eventually abdicated in fear of a revolution like the Russian one.
- 8Archduke Franz FerdinandArchduke Franz Ferdinand was the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne. His assassination by the Serbian nationalists in Bosnia was the immediate crisis that led to WW1.
- 9Winston ChurchillWinston Churchill was the First Lord of the Admiralty in Britain. He devised a plan to attack Turkey to help Russia.
- 10Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson was the American President during WW1. He was the creator of the Fourteen Points. He was contacted by Prince Max von Baden for an armistice. He wanted to prevent future arguments using his ideas, but they were viewed less important during the Treaty of Versailles due to limited American aid in the warfare.
- 11Georges ClemenceauGeorges Clemenceau was the French Premier. He wanted Germany to be punished for the war and contributed to Article 231, which held Germany accountable for the costs of war.
- 12David Lloyd GeorgeDavid Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister. He, like Clemenceau, wanted Germany to suffer. He was especially interested in the German navy and colonies.
- 13British problems before the warBefore WW1, there were tensions between Britain and Ireland. Irish nationalists had started to push for Ireland's independence (aka Home Rule), while the Unionists wanted to remain as one with Britain. Religion conflicts were also involved between the two sides. The nationalists were mostly Catholic, while the Unionists were Protestant. Aside from the Irish issues, Britain also suffered from the stagnation of wages.
- 14French problems before the warFrance's main issue before the war was the Dreyfus Affair. Dreyfus was a Jewish officer who was falsely accused of being a traitor. The incident revealed the extreme anti-Semitism and the hatred toward the French republic in the country. The Catholic Church also became involved in this conflict. The government believed the Church were anti-republic and bared them from primary and secondary education.
- 15Russian problems before the warRussia lost the Russo-Japanese War in 1904, which was followed by a revolution the year after. The revolution wanted to do away with the autocracy and establish a Duma. Tsar Nicholas II agreed but recovered and returned Russia back to autocracy.
- 16German/Austrian problems before the warGermany was facing a possible socialists revolution before the war, and Austro-Hungary had an ongoing issue with nationalism. It was made up of multiple territories with different cultures and it led to many hostilities in the country.
- 17The Reinsurance TreatyBismarck created the Reinsurance Treaty to comfort Russia that the Dual Alliance was only for defense reasons. Later on, Wilhelm II refused to renew it, leading to the treaty between France and Russia and later on Britain.
- 18The High Seas FleetOne of the biggest mistakes that Kaiser Wilhelm II made leading up to the war. Britain and German weren't enemies until Wilhelm II decided to create the High Seas Fleet, which was a direct threat towards the British navies.
- 19The crisis that led to WW1The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand in Bosnia led to WW1.
- 20New weapons of warDuring WW1, the appearance of new weapons extended the length of the war. The weapons included the machine guns, barbed wire, mines, artillery shells, and spotter airplanes. These inventions favored defensive warfare, leading to stalemates.
- 21The Von Schlieffen PlanGermany started the war with the Von Schlieffen Plan. The plan consisted of two parts: make a rapid advance into northern France to knock them out in six weeks, and then transporting the army by rail to the east to defeat the barely mobilized Russians.
- 22Characteristics of the Western FrontThe Germany attacked France and both sides raced to the northern coast in hopes of beating the each other. The scramble ended in trenches from both sides, and the positions remain virtually unchanged for 3 years. The Western Front was known for trench warfare.
- 23Characteristics of the Eastern FrontThe Eastern Front was different from the west. The battle ground were massive, so it was easier to move around and no need for trenches.
- 24Why 1917 was a turning pointIn 1917, the eastern front ended when Russia backed away to deal with a revolution. Also in 1917, U.S. entered the war.
- 25Why the U.S. entered the warGermany had sent the Zimmerman Telegram to persuade Mexico in attacking U.S. if they entered the war. Germany's U-Boat also sunk Lusitania, which contained American passengers. These two events angered America, leading to their involvement in the war.
- 26How government regulated their economiesGovernments' importance/roles increased during the war. They supported the war effort by implementing price controls, banning strikes, rationing food, and planning national resources. Censorship became a common task for the government and setting up propaganda.
- 27Costs of the warThe human costs of the war was 9 million dead and 23 million injured. The economic costs were devastating too. Many European nations were in debt to America and towns, especially French and Belgians ones, were obliterated. The cost was estimated to be 338 billion.
- 28Terms of the Treaty of VersaillesThe Terms were made between the Great Powers during the Paris peace conference. Germany had to pay reparations for the war, justified by Article 231. Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France, and French troops could occupy both sides of the Rhine River. Limitations were set on the German military.
- 29New countries after WW1New countries that were formed after WW1 included Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, and Poland.
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