Flashcards
Unit 7 (integumentary system)
Cards in this deck (12)
- 1What are the 7 main functions of the skin?1. protection - covers the body so protecting internal structures, barrier for bacteria, virus, and dirt, prevents dehydration and protects against UV radiation
2. temperature regulation - heat loss from skin surface, perspiration/evaporation, maximize heat loss, and direct gain of heat from environment
3. sensation - receptors in skin detect stimuli (ex. temperature, pain, touch, pressure)
4. excretion - removal of waste (water, CO2, and salts/urea/ammonia through sweat)
5. immunity to disease - produces chemicals and antibodies
6. vitamin D production - UV radiation stimulates skin to produce chemicals which are converted to active vitamin D by liver and kidneys
7. behavioural - plays a role in emotional expression, attraction, and mate selection - 22 major layers to the skin1. outer epidermis - made of layers of stratified epithelium
2. inner dermis - made of connective tissue containing elastin and collagen for flexibility; contains blood vessels, nerve endings, hair follicles, oil glands, and sweat glands - 32 layers of the dermis1. papilliary region - outermost layer below epidermis, forms finger-like projections into epidermal layer, forms a junction, made of loose connective tissue with elastin, contains sensory structures (touch and pressure), and contains small blood vessels
2. reticular region - (much larger than papilliary region) deeper layer of the dermis, made of dense connective tissue with elastin and collagen, provides skin with most of its strength and flexibility, contains glands, nerve endings, blood vessels, and hair follicles - 4What are the 4 major epidermal cell types?1. keratinocyte - (most common), form the major epidermal layers and produce keratin until they ultimately die
2. melanocyte - cells involved in production of melanin to protect against damage from UV radiation
3. langerhans cell - macrophages in the immune response
4. Merkel cell - specialized cells synapsed with nerve cells and are involved with sensation of touch - 54 layers of the epidermis1. stratum corneum - outer layer of dead cells filled with keratin (continuously shed and replaced from below) - stimulation causes calluses
2. stratum lucidum - dead cells that contain lots of keratin found in "thick skin regions"
3. stratum granulosum - cells undergo "apoptosis" and cell organelles degenerate and contains keratohyalin which is converted to keratin
4. stratum spinosum - layers of tightly packed keratinocyte cells that contain many filaments that join together and actively produce protein keratohyaline langerhans and melanocyte cells
5. stratum basale - single layer of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes that actively divide to produce more keratinocytes - products of cell division are "pushed upwards" and stem cells are found in this layer, forming melanocytes and Merkel cells - 63 accessory structures of the skin1. hair
2. glands
3. nails - 7function and description of hair- occurs on most skin surfaces except soles of feet and palms of hands
- aids in sensation, protection, and temperature regulation
- each hair is made of dead, keratinized cells produced in a hair follicle found in the dermis of skin - 83 types of glands in the skin1. sudoriferous (sweat) glands
2. sebaceous (oil) glands
3. ceruminous (wax) glands - 92 types of sudoriferous (sweat) glands1. apocrine - produce sweat, fat, and protein (gives sweat yellowish colour) and are found in armpits and groin region (they also release pheromones)
2. eccrine - produce sweat and are distributed through skin in most parts of the body - 10Function of sebaceous (oil) glands- secrete sebum that coats the surface of hairs to keep them from drying out and becoming brittle
- helps keep skin hydrated and oil has some antimicrobial substances - 11Function of ceruminous (wax) glands- secretes cerumen
- found in the ear canal
- wax protects against dust/insects and has some antimicrobial properties - 12Function and structure of nails- come from the epidermis
- made of compacted, keratin filled, dead epithelial cells
- protect tips of fingers and toes
- help manipulate and grasp objects
- used for scratching and digging
- used for defence
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- Bio 1103 Flashcards on Unit 7 (integumentary system), created by sarah friedman on 20/03/2020.
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