Flashcards

Exam 2: Ancient Art

Alandrian Queen English 35 cards

The Kritios Boy, kouros attributed to the sculpture Kritios, c. 475 BCE, marble, h. 3’ 10”

Cards in this deck (35)

1The Kritios Boy, kouros attributed to the sculpture Kritios, c. 475 BCE, marble, h. 3’ 10”-Late Archaic
-Broken because of Persian War against Athen, and desecrated the Acropolis.
-When Greeks gain back control of their territory they buried the sculptures to preserve it.
-Contrapasso: weight shifted on side of the body natural posture.
-The glass paste eyes but destroyed because of time and the Persian war.
-Overlap of bronze and marble because of glass paste eyes in both marble and bronze sculpture.
-Marble statues need braces for balance unlike bronze which is more flexible
2Riace Warrior A and Warrior B c. 460-450 BCE Italy-Marble statues need braces for balance unlike bronze which is more flexible
-Contrapasso: weight shifted on side of the body natural posture.
-Bronze is a limited resource, therefore it was melted down to make something else.
-Victory monument, but also a heroic lover as images of sexuality
-Overlap of bronze and marble because of glass paste eyes in both marble and bronze sculpture.
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3Zeus and Ganymede c. 470 BCE Greece-Its purpose is to be on top of an architecture
-Zeus, the King of Gods and thunder, fell in love with a young boy, Ganymede. Zeus makes him immortal so he can be youthful forever, and made Ganymede his cupbearer and favorite lover.
-A representation of Erastes, the relationship between an adolescent boy and an older man.
-EROMENOS means beloved younger man
-A popular theme.
-A transition of Archaic and Classical
-Representation of Same-sex relationships
4Foundry Painter, Red-figure Kylix c. 500-475 BCE GreeceThe Olympic Games
•Began around 776 BCE
•Reason(s) why are unknown...
–New kind of offering to the gods
–Initiation rites for Greek males (boys & men)
•Mature women could not attend – only younger, unmarried women and a few priestesses
•Females could not participate in the athletic games, although they could own and train horses who were competing
-Pankrotin (boxing//wrestling) scenes; a popular sport
-used for drinking parties
5Libon of Elis, Temple of Zeus c. 470-450 BCE Greece-Zeus is the King of Gods and Thunder. His father Cronus ate Zeus's brothers and sisters to prevent them from overthrowing him. When Zeus was a baby, his mother helped him escaped from being eaten. He grew up, defeated Cronus, and saved his brothers and sisters. Then became King of Gods
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6Libon of Elis, Temple of Zeus c. 470-450 BCE Greece West PedimentCentaur Grappling with a Lapith Woman-During a wedding, the centaurs got drunk and kidnapped the bride. the husband and a crew went to rescue her and fight the centaurs.
-Symbolic scene of civilized vs. barbarism. Goths and Celtics were considered barbaric and looked down upon by the Romans.
-Kidnapped women in myths were codeword for rape
7Apollo at Veii c. 510-500 BCE Italy-7th -6th B.C.E -Etruscans took control of Italy.
-In 1000 B.C.E, Latin the official language.
-Etruscans spoke in a non-European language.
-Etruscans were wealth because of good soil, seafaring, and trade
-750 B.C.E Greek came in and established colonies.
-In the height of power, Etruscans took control of Rome and laid out cities on-grid plan.
-Etruscans created funeral urn that looks like houses
8Reclining Couple on a Sarcophagus c. 520 BCE Italy-7th -6th B.C.E -Etruscans took control of Italy.
-In 1000 B.C.E, Latin the official language.
-Etruscans spoke in a non-European language.
-Etruscans were wealth because of good soil, seafaring, and trade
-750 B.C.E Greek came in and established colonies.
-In the height of power, Etruscans took control of Rome and laid out cities on-grid plan.
-Etruscans created funeral urn that looks like houses
9Burial Chamber at Cerveteri 3rd Century BCE Italy-7th -6th B.C.E -Etruscans took control of Italy.
-In 1000 B.C.E, Latin the official language.
-Etruscans spoke in a non-European language.
-Etruscans were wealth because of good soil, seafaring, and trade
-750 B.C.E Greek came in and established colonies.
-In the height of power, Etruscans took control of Rome and laid out cities on-grid plan.
-Etruscans created funeral urn that looks like houses
10Head of a Man 1st Century BCE Italy-Etruscan Artist
-Different material for eyes which explain yellow eye whites
-Human, not idyllic
-shift away greek beauty
-Move toward wisdom, age, and experience
-Maybe a founder of Rome
-Name is unknown but is nicknamed "Brutus" who betrayed Julius Ceaser
11Aulus Metellus 80 BCE Italy-Etruscan Artist
-Speaking pose
-Name on the garment in Etruscan
-Lether boots and toga= a politician or political figure
-On top of a column as a commemoration.
-Marble statues need braces for balance unlike bronze which is more flexible
12Tomb of the Lionesses c. 520-510 BCE Italy-Has scenes of everyday life
-lioness is nursing mothers as symbolism for domesticity
-Gender is characterized by color. Red=Male. White=Female
-Fresco= painted plaster
-A tomb
13Tomb of the Lionesses c. 520-510 BCE Italy Man reclining at Banquet-Has scenes of everyday life
-lioness is nursing mothers as symbolism for domesticity
-Gender is characterized by color. Red=Male. White=Female
-Fresco= painted plaster
-A tomb
14Thetis and her Mirror, c. 350 BCE Italy-Greek/Etruscan Mythology
-Mirror was polished and slightly concave to see more of the body.
-Not a common scene of the Trojan War.
-Thetis and Peleus are parents of Achilles
-Developing iconography of women, mirrors, and vanity
15Praxiteles Aphrodite of Knidos c. 350 BCE GreeceAge of Philip II and Alexander the Great, who consolidated Greek power and unified Greece, putting an end to the conflict between Athens and Sparta.
•Led a united Greece in the war against the Persians; conquered numerous Persians territories, greatly expanding the empire.
•Alexander dies in 323 BCE and his empire is broken up into nation-states ruled by his military generals.
-Marble copy of Bronze sculpture. Marble need braces because it is not as flexible as Bronze. Marble was best used for painting on sculptures.
-1st monumental female nude. Males nudes were seen as heroic, but females were considered trashy.
-Commissioned cult statue
-Praxiteles was wealthy and sculpted without commissions.
16Lysippos of Sikyon Apoxyomenos c. 350-325 BCE GreeceAge of Philip II and Alexander the Great, who consolidated Greek power and unified Greece, putting an end to the conflict between Athens and Sparta.
•Led a united Greece in the war against the Persians; conquered numerous Persians territories, greatly expanding the empire.
•Alexander dies in 323 BCE and his empire is broken up into nation-states ruled by his military generals.
-Marble copy of Bronze sculpture. Marble need braces because it is not as flexible as Bronze. Marble was best used for painting on sculptures.
-Male nudes were seen as heroic unlike female nudes that were considered trashy
-Intentionally an erotic image.
-Strigil-metal scaper for washing
17Copy after Lysippos? Alexander the Great c. 200 BCE Greece-Only a few select artists were granted permission to produce his image – Lysippos and Apelles
•Introduced innovations to royal portraiture that will persist throughout the Hellenistic and Roman periods
•Always heroic, god-like and youthful with the ANASTOLE (signature hairstyle!) Head
Age of Philip II and Alexander the Great, who consolidated Greek power and unified Greece, putting an end to the conflict between Athens and Sparta.
•Led a united Greece in the war against the Persians; conquered numerous Persians territories, greatly expanding the empire.
•Alexander dies in 323 BCE and his empire is broken up into nation-states ruled by his military generals.
18Philoxenos of Eretria Alexander Mosaic 1st C BCE after original from c. 310 BCE Greece--Foreshortening-the visual effect or optical illusion that an object or distance appears shorter than it actually is because it is angled toward the viewer
-Only a few select artists were granted permission to produce his image – Lysippos and Apelles
•Introduced innovations to royal portraiture that will persist throughout the Hellenistic and Roman periods
•Always heroic, god-like and youthful with the ANASTOLE (signature hairstyle!) Head
Age of Philip II and Alexander the Great, who consolidated Greek power and unified Greece, putting an end to the conflict between Athens and Sparta.
•Led a united Greece in the war against the Persians; conquered numerous Persians territories, greatly expanding the empire.
•Alexander dies in 323 BCE and his empire is broken up into nation-states ruled by his military generals.
19Cossutius The Temple of the Olympian Zeus begun 175 BCE, Greece•323 BCE = Death of Alexander
•31 BCE = Battle of Actium
•Hellenism = the spread of Greek and Macedonian culture and ideas to regions beyond mainland Greece, especially into Asia Minor (that is, Alexander’s empire)
•At his death, Alexander’s generals divided the empire among themselves (Syria, Egypt, Pergamon, Greece, Macedon, etc.)
•Hellenistic Art- Individual, every day, mortal, emotion, dramatic
-Peristyle-columns that go around the building
-the Corithinth order: over the top and feminine
20Great Altar at Pergamon with Athena Fighting Giants c. 175-150 BCE Turkey•323 BCE = Death of Alexander
•31 BCE = Battle of Actium
•Hellenism = the spread of Greek and Macedonian culture and ideas to regions beyond mainland Greece, especially into Asia Minor (that is, Alexander’s empire)
•At his death, Alexander’s generals divided the empire among themselves (Syria, Egypt, Pergamon, Greece, Macedon, etc.)
•Hellenistic Art- Individual, every day, mortal, emotion, dramatic
•Ancient Pergamon: leading place of art commissions in the Hellenistic Period
•Crushing of Revolt by Gauls lived in France in 167 BCE. Commemoration by depicting the battle of Gods and Giants
21Dying Gaul c. 220 BCE Turkey•323 BCE = Death of Alexander
•31 BCE = Battle of Actium
•Hellenism = the spread of Greek and Macedonian culture and ideas to regions beyond mainland Greece, especially into Asia Minor (that is, Alexander’s empire)
•At his death, Alexander’s generals divided the empire among themselves (Syria, Egypt, Pergamon, Greece, Macedon, etc.)
•Hellenistic Art- Individual, every day, mortal, emotion, dramatic.
•Crushing of Revolt by Gauls lived in France in 167 BCE.
22Gaul Killing His Wife and Himself c. 220 BCE Turkey•Sucicide instead of surrendering.
•Kills the wife to prevent her from being a slave and raped.
•323 BCE = Death of Alexander
•31 BCE = Battle of Actium
•Hellenism = the spread of Greek and Macedonian culture and ideas to regions beyond mainland Greece, especially into Asia Minor (that is, Alexander’s empire)
•At his death, Alexander’s generals divided the empire among themselves (Syria, Egypt, Pergamon, Greece, Macedon, etc.)
•Hellenistic Art- Individual, every day, mortal, emotion, dramatic.
23Sleeping Satyr c. 200 BCE Italy•31 BCE = Battle of Actium
•Hellenism = the spread of Greek and Macedonian culture and ideas to regions beyond mainland Greece, especially into Asia Minor (that is, Alexander’s empire)
•At his death, Alexander’s generals divided the empire among themselves (Syria, Egypt, Pergamon, Greece, Macedon, etc.)
•Hellenistic Art- Individual, every day, mortal, emotion, dramatic.
-Satyrs were companions of Dionysius, the god of wine and partying
-Marble is used for painiting
White marble = racism
24Apollonius The Boxer c. 330 BCE Greece•31 BCE = Battle of Actium
•Hellenism = the spread of Greek and Macedonian culture and ideas to regions beyond mainland Greece, especially into Asia Minor (that is, Alexander’s empire)
•At his death, Alexander’s generals divided the empire among themselves (Syria, Egypt, Pergamon, Greece, Macedon, etc.)
•Hellenistic Art- Individual, every day, mortal, emotion, dramatic.
-Marble statues need braces for balance unlike bronze which is more flexible
25The Parthenon, Kallikrates and Iktinos, c. 447-432, Greece Lapith Fighting a Centaur Peplos Scene•Peloponnesian Wars: 5th BCE.Athens vs. Sparta.
•Pericles was a major leader in Athenian politics. Directed to stability. Used art as propaganda. Promoted images of peace, prosperity, and power. Rebuild the sanctuaries and The Acropolis.
•The Acropolis: in Athens, Greece, c.400 BCE. City on a hill. The original city of Athens. Ceremonial center. Persians destroyed. Athenians kept it as ruins to remember the attack. Pericles rebuilt it as part of Propaganda.
•Rebuilding was good for the working class because it provided jobs.
•Perserved As a church by Christians
The Lapiths were early Greeks living around Thessaly
•The Lapith King, Peirithoos, throws a wedding feast to celebrate his marriage and invites the centaurs
•The centaurs have a civilized side, but upon drinking too much wine at the feast, they become wild
•When the bride is presented to the crowd, the centaur leader, Eurytion, goes wild and attempts to rape her
•The Lapith men then spring to action and an epic battle between the Lapiths and centaurs ensues•The Lapiths defeat the centaurs and expel them from the region
26The Erechtheion, Mnesikles, c. 421-406 BCE Greece North Porch South Porch (Porch of the Maidens)•Peloponnesian Wars: 5th BCE.Athens vs. Sparta.
•Pericles was a major leader in Athenian politics. Directed to stability. Used art as propaganda. Promoted images of peace, prosperity, and power. Rebuild the sanctuaries and The Acropolis.
•The Acropolis: in Athens, Greece, c.400 BCE. City on a hill. The original city of Athens. Ceremonial center. Persians destroyed. Athenians kept it as ruins to remember the attack. Pericles rebuilt it as part of Propaganda.
•Rebuilding was good for the working class because it provided jobs.
•Preserved As a church by Christians
27Polykleitos, Doryphoros c. 440 BCE Greece.-Artists looked for male beauty. Male nudes were praised more than female nudes. Male nudes were considered heroic.
-Artist wrote a book of constructed rules for idea human body in art.
-Book no longer exists.
-Originally Bronze. -Marble statues need braces for balance unlike bronze which is more flexible
-Marble was used to be painted on. White marble=racism
28Paionios Nike from Olympia c. 420 BCE Greece.-Originally Bronze. -Marble statues need braces for balance unlike bronze which is more flexible
-Marble was used to be painted on. White marble=racism
-Nike is the goddess of Victory. had the role of the divine charioteer, flying above battlefields and giving glory to the victors.
29Grave Stele of Hegeso c. 400 BCE GreeceUnderworld – ruled by Hades & Persephone•Comprised of crowds of shadowy figures call the “shades” or the souls of the dead -- not a happy place!
•At death, the psyche (spirit) departs the body as a puff of wind
•The body was prepared for burial: 1) prothesis; 2) ekphora; 3) interment of body
•The grave was marked with a monument for continued remembrance by the living
30Seated Woman in Front of Tomb c. 410-400 BCE Greece.Underworld – ruled by Hades & Persephone•Comprised of crowds of shadowy figures call the “shades” or the souls of the dead -- not a happy place!
•At death, the psyche (spirit) departs the body as a puff of wind
•The body was prepared for burial: 1) prothesis; 2) ekphora; 3) interment of body
•The grave was marked with a monument for continued remembrance by the living
31Sanctuary of Fortuna, Praeneste 2nd Century BCE, Italy Nile Mosaic, 1st Century BCE, Italy-6th c: Etruscans ruling over Italian peninsula including Rome, and spoke Latin.
-Romans lived before the Etruscans
-509 BCE: Romans overthrew Etruscan King and became the Roman Republic.
-3rd c. The Roman Republic took over the Etruscan land.
-The Roman Republic last 450 years. Became an obligarthy-ruled by few called the senate.
-Senators had to be male, a citizen of Rome and a patrician -highest social class and attain by birthright.
-Poor citizens = plebians. Can get together and go to the senate to solve an issue.
- 287 BCE: Richer plebians got political equality. caused a shift from agriculture to consumerism.
-Expanded land because of warfare.
-275 BCE: Controlled the entire Italian peninsula
-Absorbed people they conquered instead of killing them
32Temple of Portunus late 2nd Century BCE Italy-6th c: Etruscans ruling over Italian peninsula including Rome, and spoke Latin.
-Romans lived before the Etruscans
-509 BCE: Romans overthrew Etruscan King and became the Roman Republic.
-3rd c. The Roman Republic took over the Etruscan land.
-The Roman Republic last 450 years. Became an obligarthy-ruled by few called the senate.
-Senators had to be male, a citizen of Rome and a patrician -highest social class and attain by birthright.
-Poor citizens = plebians. Can get together and go to the senate to solve an issue.
- 287 BCE: Richer plebians got political equality. caused a shift from agriculture to consumerism.
-Expanded land because of warfare.
-275 BCE: Controlled the entire Italian peninsula
-Absorbed people they conquered instead of killing them
33Portrait Bust of a Man 1st Century BCE Italy-Verism can be defined as a sort of hyperrealism in sculpture where the naturally occurring features of the subject are exaggerated, often to the point of absurdity.
-late Republic: revered experienced and maturity because the senate was ruled by older, privilege men.
-6th c: Etruscans ruling over Italian peninsula including Rome, and spoke Latin.
-Romans lived before the Etruscans
-509 BCE: Romans overthrew Etruscan King and became the Roman Republic.
-3rd c. The Roman Republic took over the Etruscan land.
-The Roman Republic last 450 years. Became an obligarthy-ruled by few called the senate.
-Senators had to be male, a citizen of Rome and a patrician -highest social class and attain by birthright.
-Poor citizens = plebians. Can get together and go to the senate to solve an issue.
- 287 BCE: Richer plebians got political equality. caused a shift from agriculture to consumerism.
-Expanded land because of warfare.
-275 BCE: Controlled the entire Italian peninsula
-Absorbed people they conquered instead of killing them
34Dionysiac Mystery Cult, Villa of Mysteries, mid 1st Century BCE Italy-Pompeii style room was eclectic as they constructed and design rooms by periods
-The villa is farther away from the shore because of the eruption of a volcano that added more land.
-unknown if the figures depicted are part of Dionysiac cult
-Roman Wall painting was frescos it's painted directly onto wet plaster.
-6th c: Etruscans ruling over Italian peninsula including Rome, and spoke Latin.
-Romans lived before the Etruscans
-509 BCE: Romans overthrew Etruscan King and became the Roman Republic.
-3rd c. The Roman Republic took over the Etruscan land.
-The Roman Republic last 450 years. Became an obligarthy-ruled by few called the senate.
-Senators had to be male, a citizen of Rome and a patrician -highest social class and attain by birthright.
-Poor citizens = plebians. Can get together and go to the senate to solve an issue.
- 287 BCE: Richer plebians got political equality. caused a shift from agriculture to consumerism.
-Expanded land because of warfare.
-275 BCE: Controlled the entire Italian peninsula
-Absorbed people they conquered instead of killing them
35Reconstructed Bedroom at House of Publius Fannius Synistor 40-30 BCE Italy-6th c: Etruscans ruling over Italian peninsula including Rome, and spoke Latin.
-Romans lived before the Etruscans
-509 BCE: Romans overthrew Etruscan King and became the Roman Republic.
-3rd c. The Roman Republic took over the Etruscan land.
-The Roman Republic last 450 years. Became an obligarthy-ruled by few called the senate.
-Senators had to be male, a citizen of Rome and a patrician -highest social class and attain by birthright.
-Poor citizens = plebians. Can get together and go to the senate to solve an issue.
- 287 BCE: Richer plebians got political equality. caused a shift from agriculture to consumerism.
-Expanded land because of warfare.
-275 BCE: Controlled the entire Italian peninsula
-Absorbed people they conquered instead of killing them