Flashcards
AQA GCSE Sociology- Unit 2
Cards in this deck (60)
- 1Agents of Social ControlGroups and organisations in society that control or constrain people's behaviour and actions such as the police
- 2Anti-social behaviourBehaviour that causes harassment, distress or alarm to other people
- 3Chivalry ThesisThe idea that women are given preferential treatment by the criminal justice system due to their femininity
- 4Community ServiceA punishment which involves doing a service for the community, such as clearing parkland
- 5Computer CrimeCrime that takes place using a computer, such as fraud.
- 6ConformityDoing what is expected of you within society
- 7Corporate CrimeCrimes committed by employees on behalf of the company or organisation they work for. Such as creating unsafe goods.
- 8Crime RateThe amount of crime that has been measured within a certain area over a period of time.
- 9Dark Figure of CrimeCrime that takes place, but is not recorded in official statistics as it is has not been reported or recorded.
- 10DevianceBehaviour that goes against the norms and values of society. Such as speaking with your mouth full.
- 11Formal RulesFormal rules are rules that are written down, for example laws or codes of conduct.
- 12Informal RulesRules that are not written, but are seen as guidelines as how we should behave in society. Such as not swearing in the workplace.
- 13Formal Social ControlControl of peoples behaviour based on written laws and rules. They are associated with the ways the state controls our behaviour. Agencies include the police force and prisons.
- 14Identity TheftThe fraudulent practice of using another person's name and personal information in order to obtain credit, loans etc.
- 15Indictable OffenceAn offence for which you can be charged.
- 16JudicaryThe Judicial authorities of a country such as judges.
- 17LabellingThe process of attaching a characteristic or definition to an individual or group
- 18Master StatusThe status of greatest importance in a particular person's life. A common master status is a persons occupation e.g. teacher
- 19Official Crime StatisticsOfficial crime statistics are statistics that have been recorded and published by government agencies.
- 20Recorded CrimeThe crime that has been recorded by the police. Not all reported crime is recorded.
- 21Relative DeprivationFeeling deprived compared to others in society.
- 22ScapegoatA person who is blamed for wrongdoings, mistakes or the faults of others.
- 23Self-report studyA study in which respondents answer questions about whether they have been victims of crime.
- 24Social ControlThe processes by which individuals are encouraged to conform to the rules. They involve sanctions or bad reactions that aim to stop people from doing deviant acts.
- 25Social ConstructThe idea that society groups people and creates the rules. For example by deciding what disability is.
- 26Social OrderSocial order occurs when society is stable, ordered and runs smoothly without disruption.
- 27StereotypesFixed, standardised and distorted views of the characteristics of particular groups such as women. Stereotypes are often based on prejudice.
- 28Sub-cultureA cultural group within a larger culture, often having beliefs or interests that differ from those of the larger culture.
- 29SurveillanceBeing watched by others which might change the behaviour of individuals or groups. Such as CCTV.
- 30Victim SurveysHousehold based studies which ask respondents about their experiences of crime, whether they have been victims of particular offences during a specified times period such as the last year and, if so, whether they reported the crimes to the police.
- 31White-collar crimeThis refers broadly to crimes committed by people in relatively high-status positions, such as accountants, doctors and solicitors, during their work. E.g. fiddling expenses.
- 32AlienatedTo make someone feel isolated or estranged
- 33AristocracyThe highest class in societies. Typically comprising of those of noble birth.
- 34Charismatic AuthorityObedience based on an individual's charisma or extraordinary personal qualities.
- 35CitizenMembers of a state who have full legal rights (e.g. to vote) and responsibilities (e.g. to respect the law)
- 36Class de-alignmentThe weakening of the links between social class and voting behaviour
- 37Class AlignmentThe idea that people vote for a party depending upon their class.
- 38CoercionObedience based on the use of force
- 39ConservativesTraditionally a right wing political party that favours tradition and expect people to be meritocratic.
- 40ConstituencyA specific area in which the constituents elect an MP to represent them in parliament
- 41DemocracyGovernment by the people
- 42DictatorshipA government where one person makes all the rules or decisions
- 43Direct ActionThe use of strikes, demonstrations or other forms of protest. This is instead of negotiating with those in power.
- 44DiscriminationLess favourable or unfair treatment based, for example on an individual's gender, ethnicity or age.
- 45ElectionsA formal organised choice by vote of a person for a political office or other position.
- 46ElectorateThose eligible to vote
- 47EliteThe top class in society who tend to be at an advantage and have high social, cultural and economic capital.
- 48IdeologyA system of ideas and ideals that form the basis of a political theory or policy.
- 49Legal Rational AuthorityAuthority in which obedience is based on an individual or group's position in an organisation
- 50Legislative ProcessThe steps required for laws to move through the system from an idea to a law.
- 51Member of ParliamentThe representative of the voters to a parliament.
- 52MonarchyRoyalty
- 53Neo-liberalismThe idea that the government should adopt a laissez-faire approach and allow the private sector to have a larger role.
- 54Political PartyAn organised group of people with similar political aims and opinions.
- 55Political SocialisationThe process by which people form their ideas about politics and acquire political values. Family, education and the media all play a role.
- 56PrivatisationThe transfer of assets from the public sector the private sector.
- 57Pressure GroupA group of people who try to persuade the government to adopt a particular policy or to influence public opinion on an issue.
- 58Prime MinisterThe head of an elected government
- 59Trade UnionsAn association of employees such as the NUT that protects its members' rights in the workplace
- 60Traditional AuthorityA type of authority in which obedience is based on custom and tradition.
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- Flashcards on AQA GCSE Sociology- Unit 2, created by s.hartwell on 04/03/2015.
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