Flashcards
Progressive Era
Cards in this deck (30)
- 1The Progressive EraMoving forward
- 2Demographic changesCities expanded rapidly.
, more Americans lived in cities than in rural areas.
For the first time in history, America had become a primarily urban nation. - 3Economic DevelopmentEconomic output rose by 85%
Innovation, immigration, expanding global markets - 4The MuckrakersInvestigative journalists - exposed extreme poverty and ills in urban areas
Upton Sinclair – The Jungle
In The Jungle, Upton Sinclair exposed the horrific conditions in the Meat Packing industry. He revealed that American food was contaminated with animal waste, etc. - 5Progressive Vs GildedDuring Gilded Age- very little action by the government.
Progressive era- federal government takes measures to regulate industry, improve society, address social problems that existed.
Expansion of federal and State government. - 6Immigration13 million immigrant entered US Southern.
majority of immigrants from Europe entered the United States through a processing center at Ellis Island in New York.
large influx of Mexican farm workers into the American Southwest. - 7Immigrant NeighborhoodsMany of the new immigrants clustered in ethnic neighborhoods ( many Jewish)
Foreign language newspapers flourished in the cities of the Northeast & Midwest.
The city struggled to keep up with the population growth- suffered from poverty. - 8A Consumer SocietyLarge Department Stores flourish in the 20th cen - excellent symbol of the growth of a consumer society.
Relatively affordable goods – due to expansion of industry and the huge supply of cheap labor - 9The Working WomanClerical and office workers
Domestic servants and agriculture – Primarily immigrants and African American women.
Some women found entering the workforce to be a liberating experience.
-Tension in Immigrant families – Many cultures in Eastern Europe did not accept women leaving the home and entering the workforce. This was considered immoral. - 10FordismThe Ford Motor Company 1905
Standardized production – Ford mass produced one model of automobile. There was not much variety available.
Assembly line production reduced the cost of production and allowed Ford to charge lower prices for automobiles.
Mass production and consumption - 11American Standard of LivingNew expectations regarding standard of living
Consumer Consciousness - 12TaylorismFrederick Taylor
Efficiency experts would enter factories and conduct time motion studies of workers on the assembly lines. They would study how workers moved and determine what was the most efficient way to work.
The “one best way” of producing goods.
This greatly curtailed the freedom of workers. - 13The Socialist MovementSocialism arrived in America with European immigrants who had supported it in their home countries.
# of socialist ethnic associations were formed in the United States. - 14Eugene V. Debswas the leader of the Socialist Party
- 15The American Federation of LaborSamuel Gompers -AFL leader
Represents white, male, native born, skilled workers, Women, immigrants, and - African Americans were not welcome in the AFL.
The AFL represented the most privileged of American workers.
The AFL cooperated with business and rarely called strikes. - 16The Industrial Workers of the Worldunionradical union
it endorsed socialism and called for gov ownership of the means of production.
Organizes immigrants, minorities, unskilled workers, women, etc. Anyone could join.
Big Bill Haywood - leader of the IWW.
The IWW frequently organized strikes to push for higher wages and better conditions. - 17Civil libertiesImportance to the Labor Movement
The Courts often issued injunctions against the unions, especially the IWW. Union members were prohibited from picketing the factories or speaking out in public.
Unions struggled to defend the rights to Free Speech and Assembly. - 18Margret SangerCampaign for Birth Controls
was imprisoned for violating obscenity laws. - 19Emma Goldmananarchist immigrant
embraced a counter-cultural lifestyle and endorsed sexual freedom.
promoted the use of contraception. - 20National American Woman’s Suffrage Associationwomen were allowed to vote.
In 1919, the nineteenth Amendment finally granted women the right to vote nationally. - 21Maternalist Reforms- Mother’s PensionsWomen who were without male support were provided with cash payments from the federal and state governments.
- 22Muller v. Oregon –limitations on # of hrs that women could work.
Supreme Court ruled that such laws were constitutional. - 23Mass Leisure activitiesDance Halls, the Cinema, Spectator Sports, etc.
- 24most popular sportsbaseball, boxing and horse-racing
- 25Concept of a Living Wage –male - head of household should earn enough money to support a family.
. - 26Pope Leo XIIIRoman Catholic Church strongly endorsed the concept of a living wage in a papal encyclical
- 27The Socialist Party 1901 –first national Socialist Party in the US which reached out to native born Americans.
- 28Lawrence, MA– A successful strike organized by the IWW. The strikers were primarily female textile workers.
- 29Patterson, NJ –A failed strike of textile workers.
- 30Colorado Fuel and Iron CompanyA strike of immigrant workers- ended when a private army hired by the company attacked the workers, killing and injuring many.
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- Flashcards on Progressive Era, created by merihan raouf on 06/03/2015.
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- merihan raouf
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