Flashcards
Physics- P1.4
Cards in this deck (43)
- 1What is most electricity in the UK generated in power station generated from?non-renewable fuels
- 22 disadvantages of non-renewable fuelsthey take millions of years to replace
once they are gone they are gone - 3Describe the process of generating electricity in the national grid?fossil fuels are burned this hears water in a boiler to produce steam, this drives a turbine, the turbine turns a generator
- 43 examples of fossil fuels?coal
oil
natural gas - 5How do nuclear power stations work?steam is produced using the heat given out when uranium or plutonium fuel atoms undergo nuclear fission rections
- 6What is the national grid?a network of cables and transformers that transfer energy. it links to the power station that generates electricity to the consumer who uses it
- 7What are the 5 components of a national grid network?power station
step-up transformer
transmission cables
step-down transformer
consumer - 8What does transferring electrical energy at a high voltage increase?efficiency
- 9What are the 3 stages in transferring electrical charge in the national grid?The power station generates electricity
A step-up transformer increases the voltage across the transmission cables
At the end of the transmission cables, a series of step down transformers are used to decrease the voltage to a safe value for consumer use - 10What is another word for voltage?potential difference
- 11A smaller current means that less energy is transformed into what?Heat- that is wasted
- 12What makes the transfer of electricity more efficientreducing the amount of waste energy
- 13How is a particular power achieved?Increasing the voltage which decreases the current through the wires
- 14When can transmission cables be seen? When can they not be seen?when they are overhead
when they are underground - 153 advantages for overhead cabllesrelatively cheap to install
quick and easy to repair
electrical insulation provided by the air - 164 disadvantages of overhead cableshazard to low-flying aircraft
spoils the landscape
risk of fatal electricution - 174 advantages to underground?no hazard to aircraft
cannot be seen
normally no shock hazard
unlikely to be damaged by the weather - 183 disadvantages to undergroundexpensive to install
longer and more expensive to repair
need layers of electrical insulation and a cooling system - 19!!!!!!renewable energy resources are replaced as quickly....as they are used
- 20Describe how wind can be used to generate electricity?moving air turns a wind generator
which drives a turbine
which turns a generator - 21How can waves be used to generate electricity?falling and rising water- wave generator and tidal barrage
this drives a turbine
which turns a generator - 22How can waves be used to generate electricity?falling water- hydroelectric schemes drives a turbine which turns a generator
- 23How does an oscillating water column generator work?the movement of waves forces air to move which drives a turbine
- 24How do generators built into tidal barrages work?tides cause water levels in an estuary to fall and rise
the turbines built into barrages across the estuary are driven by moving water - 25How do hydroelectric pumped storage power stations work?surplus energy is used to pump water back up from the bottom lake to the top lake behind the dam ready for later use when there is a peak in demand for energy when is flow down and turns turbines for a generator
- 26How does geothermal energy work?In some volcanic areas hot rocks below the earth's surface are sued to heat water, often turning into steam. The steam that rises to the surface can be used to drive turbines
- 27How does solar energy work in solar cells? How does solar energy work in solar thermal towers?Solar cells transform energy of the suns radiation directly into electricity.
Solar energy is used to heat water or oil which the vapour is then used to drive a turbine - 28How do bio-fuels work?plants grow and as they grow they store chemical energy.
burning a biofuel allows this energy to be used to generate electricity - 29!!!!What are 2 advantages of using coal and oil as fuel? What are 2 disadvantages?Easy to transport
Concentrated source of energy
Burning releases carbon dioxide and sulphur into the air
Oil has many other important uses - 30What is an advantage of using natural gas? Disadvantage?Quick to start and switch off
Burning releases carbon dioxide into the air - 31What are 2 advantages of using nuclear fuels? 3 disadvantages?No polluting gases produced
Very concentrated source of energy
Some radioactive waste must be stored for thousands
Serious accidents may release radiation over large areas
Expensive to decommission a power station at the end of it's useful life - 32What is the new technology that reduces carbon dioxide emissions? How does this work?Carbon capture
It is stored in natural containers (such as gas filds under the sea) before it enters the atmosphere - 33Name 4 non-renewable fuels?coal
oil
natural gas
nuclear fuels - 34Name 8 renewable energy resources?Wind
waves
tides
hydroelectric
pumped-storage
solar
geothermal
biofuel - 352 advantages of using wind? 4 disadvantages?Running costs are low
land around turbines can be used for farming
some people think they spoil the landscape (visual pollution)
make unwanted noise (noise pollution
unreliable- only generate energy when the wind is strong enough
Dilute energy resource- a lot of turbines are needed - 361 advantage of waves? 1 disadvantage?running costs are low
need to be very strong to with stand the force from a very rough sea - 371 advantage of tides? 2 disadvantages?reliable-tides happen twice a day every day
barrages are expansive to build
barrages destroy that habitat of wading birds and other wildlife - 381 advantage of hydroelectric? 1 disadvantage?can generate large amounts of electricity
large amounts of land may flood- which may destroy people's homes and affect plant and animal life - 391 advantage of pumped storage? Disadvantage?can be switched on quickly to meet peak demands
cannot run continuously - 402 advantages of solar? 2 disadvantages?ideal for remote places
solar thermal towers-generate a lot of electricity
electricity generation depends on light intensity
large areas of solar cells needed to generate a lot of power - 411 advantage of geothermal? Disadvantage?massive amounts of energy available
not always practical to extract the energy from the earth - 421 advantage of bio-fuel? Disadvantage?adds no additional carbon dioxide to the atmosphere
large areas of land needed to grow a crop - 43What are 2 general advantages of renewable energy resources?produce less chemical pollution
give free energy- although transferring the energy to electrical energy can be expensive
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- biology Physics P1 Flashcards on Physics- P1.4, created by sophie.west2012. on 07/03/2015.
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