Flashcards
The Internet 4.9.3
Cards in this deck (18)
- 1InternetInter-connected network
- 2Structure of the InternetThe Internet can be visualised as millions of star networks connected together.
There is not just one connection between each network - 3Structure of the InternetIf you view a website, your computer is requesting an HTML page from a server. This server could be physically located in, for example, California.
- 4Packet SwitchingThere are multiple different routes that can be taken between the two devices
- 5Packet SwitchingIn order to keep data moving and maintain acceptable transfer speeds, a system called packet switching is used to transfer data.
- 6Packet SwitchingData is split up into small chunks called packets.
Each packet is sent independently – each packet could take a different route, depending on what is fastest at the time.
Various algorithms are used to attempt to find the quickest route.
The packets are re-assembled at the other end. - 7Packets (3 parts)
- 8RoutersRouters direct the packets to the appropriate destination.
When a router receives a packet, it looks at the header and reads the recipient address.
If the address is for a computer located on its network, it delivers it. If not, it passes it on to another router. - 9GatewaysThey are used to connect 2 different types of network together.
Gateways strip the header and footer information and re-build it in the format expected by the new network before passing it on. - 10IP AddressIP addresses are assigned to computers by the network.
Each server that wants to be accessible by computers on the Internet needs to have its own IP address. - 11IP AddressIPv4 uses 32 bit addressing, so there are only around 4 billion unique addresses. This is not enough for all devices on the internet to have their own IP address.
Gateways are used to translate internal IP addresses to external IP addresses. - 12Internal IP addressesA gateway sends packets from internal computers to the Internet, and changes the address to an external IP address (a unique one), and changes it back again when a reply arrives.
- 13External IP addressesComputers on the internet such as webservers have their own external IP address
- 14Domain NamesA domain name (BBC.co.uk, Google.com) is simply a memorable identifier for a computer on the Internet.
Domain Name System (DNS) servers are used to convert a domain name to its IP address. - 15Internet RegistriesSince IP addresses are limited, Internet registries exist to allocate them
Countries are allocated IP addresses in specific ranges by the global registry
Registries within each country then allocate the IP addresses to businesses and ISPs. - 16top-level domainThe top-level domain names are installed in the root zone of the name space.
e.g .com or .uk - 17Fully Qualified Domain Namea domain name that specifies its exact location in the tree hierarchy of the Domain Name System (DNS)
- 18Uniform Resource Locatora unique identifier used to locate a resource on the internet. It is also referred to as a web address.
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- Flashcards on The Internet 4.9.3, created by Ed Allen on 20/04/2020.
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- Ed Allen
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