Flashcards
2007PSY Biopsyc Week 8
Cards in this deck (39)
- 1Reinforcing StimulusAppetitive stimulus that follows particular behavior and makes behavior become more frequent
- 2Punishing StimulusAversive stimulus that follows particular behavior and makes behavior become less frequent
- 3Long-term Potentiation (LTP)Long-term increase in excitability of neuron to particular synaptic input caused by repeated high-frequency activity of that input
- 4Long-term DepressionA long-term decrease in neural excitability as a result of low-frequency (sub-threshold) stimulation – decrease in AMPA receptors
- 5Associative Long-term PotentiationLong-term potentiation in which concurrent stimulation of weak and strong synapses to a given neuron strengthens weak ones
- 6Population EPSPEvoked potential that represents EPSPs of population of neurons
- 7Long-term Potentiation - Diagram -
- 8Associative Long-term Potentiation - Diagram -
- 9Declarative MemoryMemory that can be verbally expressed, such as memory for events in person’s past
Explicit, can be recalled - 10Nondeclarative MemoryMemory whose formation does not depend on hippocampal formation; a collective term for perceptual, stimulus–response, and motor memory
Implicit memory, accessed unconsciously - 11Episodic MemoryMemory of collection of perceptions of events organized in time and identified by particular context
Personal Experiences - 12Semantic MemoryMemory of facts and general information
Facts and verbal information - 13LearningThe acquisition of new information
- 14MemoryThe capacity for storing and retrieving this information
- 15Associative LearningLearning that occurs when people and animals learn to associate or connect two different stimuli
- 16Classical ConditioningA neutral stimulus that via learning, can elicit a biologically-driven response
Associative learning, whereby a previously neutral stimulus elicits a biologically driven response - 17Operant ConditioningOrganisms learnt to associate a behaviour with a given outcome
- 18Non-associative LearningWhere learning form toward a specific stimuli with no reinforcing stimuli or events
- 19HabitationResponse towards a stimulus decreases, with repeated exposure
- 20SensitizationResponse towards a stimulus increases, with repeated exposure
- 21Sensory MemoryThe initial stage of memory formation, where all sensory inputs are momentarily stored.
As the sensory input includes all sights, sounds, smells, etc., the sensory memory is vast, but fleeting. - 22Short Term MemoryStimuli attended to, will be stored for a brief amount of time in short-term memory.
To retain short-term memories, they need to be rehearsed. Otherwise, they are permanently lost. - 23Long Term MemoryRehearsal will lead to short-term memories being encoded as long-term memories.
There appears to be few, if any, restrictions on the capacity of long-term memory. These memories can then be retrieved. - 24Procedural MemoryAutomaticaly performing skills and tasks (ie. driving)
- 25PrimingWhere exposure to one stimuli changes a response to other stimulus
- 26Temporal Lobe - Role -Initial storage and retrieval of declarative memories
- 27Temporal Lobe - Damage -Inhibits new long-term memories and spatial learning.
Existing long-term memories and the ability to form new procedural memories are retained. - 28Association Cortex - Role -Semantic memory
Encoding and retrieval of long-term memory - 29Association Cortex - Damage -Difficulty recalling areas associated with the cortex
- 30Prefrontal Cortex - Role -Episodic and short-term memory
- 31Prefrontal Cortex - Damage -Difficulty shifting attention (this converting sensory to short-term memory) and object permanence
- 32Basal Ganglia - Role -Procedural Memory
- 33Basal Ganglia - Damage -Failure to learn new skills
- 34Association CortexSemantic memory networks are distributed throughout the cortex.
Areas of the brain involved with specific tasks, are activated with semantic memories associated with those particular things. - 35StressStress prepares the body for impending threats by releasing a range of biochemicals that can impact memory – but not consistently.
- 36Stress - Impact -Stress can impact:
Repression – blocked from retrieval
Enhancement – exceedingly accurate memory, such as remembering where you were on a particular day or intrusive and vivid flashbacks (PTSD) - 37Stress - Memory Impact -If stress and learning coincide, it can enhance memory.
However, there is a refractory period, where subsequent information is then harder to encode. - 38Aging and MemoryAssociative learning (i.e., classical conditioning)
New episodic memories
Reaction times - 39Aging and Memory - Brain reaction -White matter deterioration
Lower Sleep quality
Reduced ability to clear extracellular adenosine, suppressing memory consolidation
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- 2007PSY BioPsyc (Week 8) Flashcards on 2007PSY Biopsyc Week 8, created by Juliette Cross on 27/04/2020.
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- Juliette Cross
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