22364602
Description
Flashcards by Evian Chai, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Evian Chai
almost 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Which test is used to diagnose asthma? | FEV1, which measures the maximum exhale |
| What is the chemical structure of B2 agonists? How does te long acting one differ from the short acting one structurally? | Structure is similar to adrenaline Long acting ones have long chain |
| What is the chemical structure of a glucocorticosteroid? | Variation of a steroid 4 carbon ring structure |
| What are two types of bronchodilators? | 1. Beta 2 agonists 2. Muscarinic antagonists |
| What are two examples of muscarinic antagonists? | Ipratropium bromide (6 hours) and Tiotropium bromide (24 hours) |
| What are the two types of B2 Agonists, and examples of each? | 1. Short acting eg. Salbutamol 2. Long acting eg. Salmeterol |
| What are the two mechanisms through which glucocorticoids stop inflammatory cell activation, recruitment, and adhesion? | 1. Transactivation of annexin, Beta2 receptor 2. Transrepression of NFkB/AP-1 that normally initiates transcription for: - cytokines - chemokines - adhesion molecules - inflammatory enzymes |
| 3 Phases of Asthma 1. Immediate phase -... after exposure - bronchospasm due to ... 2. Delayed phase - ... after - Due to ....narrowing airways 3. Airway/Bronchial hyperresponsiveness to ANY irritant - ... after - combination of ... | 1. 5-15mins 2. Mast cells causing SM to contract 3. 2-8 hours 4. Mucosal swelling/oedema 5. 2-8 days 6. Bronchospasm on combined oedematous |
| Side effects of glucocorticosteroids | Fungal infections, hoarse voice, bruising, osteoporosis |
| What are the 5 types of anti-inflammatory agents? | 1. Glucocorticosteroids 2. Xanthines 3. Cromones 4. Leukotriene antagonists 5. Anti LgE |
| What are the 4 main reactions in asthma? | 1. Smooth muscle bronchoconstriction 2. Inflammation 3. Oedema 4. Mucus |
| What are common side effects of muscarinic antagonists? | Dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation, glaucoma |
| What are common side effects of B2 agonists? | Tremor, increased HR, hypokalemia |
| Salbutamol: B2 agonist, ... acting Salmeterol: B2 agonist, ... acting Fluticasone Propionate: inhaled ... Montelukast: ...receptor antagonist Theophylline: Xanthine, inhibit ... Cromoglycate: Cromone, ...mast cells Omalizumab: ... Ipratropium Bromide: Muscarinic antagonist/prevent PNS ...hr Tiotropium Bromide: Muscarinic antagonist/ prevent PNS ...hr | Salbutamol: Short Salmeterol: Long Fluticasone Propionate: Steroid Montelukast: Leukotriene Theophylline: Xanthine, inhibits phosphodiesterase Cromoglycate: Cromone, stabilise mast cells Omalizumab: bind to free lgE Ipratropium Bromide: 6 hr Tiotropium Bromide: 24 hour |
| Leukotriene receptors antagonists work by | 1. Block leukotrienes from arachodonic acid 2. This prevents bronchoconstriction/oedema/mucus |
| How does Omalizumab work? | 1. Binds to free LgE 2. This reduces the amount of LgEs open to bind to mast cells/trigger inflammatory response |
| How do xanthines work? Give an Example of one | 1. Inhibits phosphodiesterase, which normally breaks down cAMP 2. Increases cAMP+MLCK phosphorylation 3. More SM relaxation |
| How do muscarinic antagonists work? What do they mainly treat? | Muscarinic receptors normally activate PNS, causing SM contraction and bronchoconstriction Blocks this to achieve bronchodilation Mainly treats COPD |
| How do glucocorticosteroids work? | 1. Steroid is in cytosol along with steroid receptor that is stuck to a chaparonin 2. Steroid binds to receptor, releasing receptor from chaparonin 3. Steroid+receptor enters the nucleus, affects gene transcription |
| How do cromones work? | Stabilise mast cells to lower inflammatory cell activation/recruitment |
| How do B2 agonists work? 1. B agonists binds to B2 receptor on SM 2. G protein attached to receptor disassosiates, activates {{c1::adenylyl cyclase }} 3. {{c2::Cyclic AMP}} made from ATP Cyclic AMP converted to AMP 4. PKA activated 5. Myosin light chain kinase ...in SM cells 6. Relaxation In SM, cAMP-->relaxation. What are the different mechanisms of b2 agonists/xanthines? | 1. Adenylyl cyclase 2. Cyclic AMP 3. Phosphorylated B2 agonists promote cAMP formation, while xanthines prevent its breakdown-->SM Relaxation |
| B2 agonists are administered via... | Inhalation |
| Asthma/bronchitis affects the ...zone COPD/Emphysema affects the ... zone | 1. Conducting 2. Transitional/respiratory |
| 5-LO inhibitors such as Zileuton work by... | Preventing 5-LO from causing bronchoconstriction/oedema/mucus |
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