GoConqr has a new look! Let us know what you think.

Sign up free

Flashcards

Anatomy Chapter 4: Tissues

kerry.harrington English 72 cards

Cards in this deck (72)

  1. 1What is a tissue?a group of similar cells that perform common/related function
  2. 2Primary tissue types include:Epithelial
    Connective
    Nervous
    Muscle
  3. 3epitheliumsheet of cells covering body surface or lining of body cavity
  4. 4what is the main role of epithelium tissues?covering
  5. 5what is the main role of connective tissues?support (includes blood and bone)
  6. 6what is the main role of nervous tissue?communication
  7. 7what is the main role of muscle tissues?contract/movement
  8. 8what are the two types of epithelia tissue?surface epithelia
    glandular epithelia
  9. 9where is surface epithelia?outer skin layer
    inner lining of digestive, respiratory,urogenital tracts.
    lining of blood vessels and lymph vessels
    lining serous cavities
  10. 10what does the glandular epithelia do?forms secretory units of glands (endocrine and exocrine)
    oil or sweat glad.
  11. 11functions of epitheliaprotection-skin
    absorption-intestine/kidney
    excretion-intestine/kidney
    filtration-kidney
    secretion- kidneys/glands
  12. 12characteristics of epithelia: High cellularitymostly tight-packed cells; little ECM
  13. 13Characteristics of Epithelia: Tight junctions and desmosomeslateral contacts between adjacent cells.
    Form sheets--> barrier
    TJ forms a chemical barrier
  14. 14Characteristics of Epithelia: polarity: apical surface basolateral surfaceapical surface- faces body exterior or organ cavity/lumen
    basolateral surface- faces tissue (interior)
  15. 15Characteristics of Epithelia: Supported by connective tissuebasal limina and reticular lamina
    BASEMENT MEMBRANE
  16. 16Characteristics of Epithelia: Regenerativerapidly lost cells by cell division
  17. 17how do you classify Epithelia?1. Number of layers- simple vs stratified
    2. cell shape-squamous, cubodial, columnar
  18. 18what does squamous look like?flat and scale-like
  19. 19what does cubodial look like?round and shaped like a cube; CUBEodial.
  20. 20what does columnar look like?long and oval; shaped like a column- COLUMNar
  21. 21what is s stratified cell?cells that have more than one layer
  22. 22what is a simple cell?cells that only have one layer of cells
  23. 23simple squamous epitheliumsingle layer of flattened cells with disc shaped central nuclei. this is the simplest of epithelia.
    allows passage of materials by diffusion
    LUNGS
  24. 24Simple cuboidal Epitheliumsingle layer of cube like cells with large spherical central nuclei.
    Secretes and absorbs
    KIDNEY
  25. 25simple columnar epitheliumsingle layer of tall cells with round nuclei. some cells bear cilia; layer lay contain mucus-secreting glands.
    absorbs and secretes mucus
    DIGESTIVE TRACT
  26. 26Stratified Squamous Epitheliumthick membrane with several cell layers. base cells are cubodial or columnar, surface cells are squamous.
    Protects underlying tissue.
    ESOPHAGUS, MOUTH, VAGINA
  27. 27Stratified Cubodial Epitheliumprotective functions
    DUCTS OF SWEAT GLANDS
  28. 28Stratified Columnar Epitheliumprotective function
    SALIVARY GLANDS
  29. 29Pseudostratified Columnar Epitheliumonly has one layer of cells even though it looks like it has several. secretes mucus by ciliary actions
    TRACHEA
  30. 30Transitional Epitheliumshape of cell transitions. non-distended is dome like. they stretch and permits distension or urinary bladder
  31. 31Glandular Epithelia Glandone or more cells that makes and exports a product (secretion). It has two types of glands
  32. 32what are the two kinds of glandular glands?Endocrine- secretes internally; ductless; product= hormones
    Exocrine- Secrete externally (onto body surface or into body cavities) sweat, saliva. can be unicellular or multicellular
  33. 33what are the modes of secretion of multicellular glands?Merocrine (exocytosis)
    Holocrine (whole cell detaches, disintegrates, releases contents.
  34. 34Connective tissuetissue widely distributed throughout the body
  35. 35what are the four main classes of connective tissue?connective tissue proper (fat & ligaments)
    cartilage
    bone
    blood
  36. 36what are the major functions of connective tissue?binding and supporting
    protection
    insulation
    transportation (blood)
  37. 37what is a common characteristic of most connective tissue?mostly extracellular material/matrix (ECM) with few cells
    ex. bone; mostly proteins and mineral deposits with cell embedded within tissue. bone not densely packed
  38. 38structural elements of connective tissues1. ground substance
    2. fibers
    3. cells
  39. 39ground substance of connective tissuematerial fills the space between cells
    composed of interstiitial/tissue fluid (H2O) and proteoglycans (protein w/sugar chains)
    functions as extracellular glue & holds fluid
    allows diffusion of nutrients thru capaliries to the cells of tissue
  40. 40fibers of connective tissuesprovide support
    collagen-tough, provides high tensile strength
    elastic fibers-forms network allowing recoil of stretched CT
    reticular fibers-short, fine,forms networkd where CT abuts other tissue
  41. 41cells of connective tissueimmature cells- state of building
    mature cells-maintain/redising
  42. 42immature cellsin CT proper-fibriblast tissue builds up
    in cartilage-chrondoblasts build cartilage
    in bone-osteoblast
    in blood- matopolic stem cells
  43. 43mature cellsin CT proper-fibroblast/fibrocyte
    In cartilage- chindrocyte
    In bone- ostrocyte
    In blood-different blood cells
  44. 44additional cells in connective tissueadipocytes(fat cells)-energy storage;insulation
    white blood cells-fight infection
    mactophages-big eaters of foreign substange
    mast cells-inflammatory responses
  45. 45connective tissue proper have...loose, fewer spaced fibers.
  46. 46Connective tissue proper Loose Areolar CTmostly collagen and few elastic fibers, spaced widely
    loose packing paterial ->filling spaces between glands, muscles, nerves
    attaches to skin to underlying tissues
  47. 47connective Tissue Proper Loose reticular CTloose network of reticular fibers
    forms a stroma/bed to support cells in lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow
    fibers here are more delicate
  48. 48connective tissue proper Dense regular CTparallel collagen fibers, few elastic fibers
    withstands great tensile stresses
    found in tendons, asponeuroses, ligaments, fascia
  49. 49Connective tissue proper Dense Irregular CTirregularly arranged collagen fibers, some elastic fibers
    able to withstand tension from multiple directions
    found in dermis of skin, digestive tract walls, organs, joints.
    resists tension in multiple directions
  50. 50Connective Tissue Proper Adipose Tissuevery little matrix
    mainly closely-packed adipocytes (fat cells)
    insulation, cushioning, fuel storage
    located under skin, around kidney&eyeball, within breast.
    FILLED WITH FAT/ FUEL STORAGE
  51. 51how many cartilage tissues are there and what are they called?1. hyaline cartilage
    2. elastic cartilage
    3. fibrocartilage
  52. 52Hyaline Cartilagefirm, amorphous matrix containing collagen
    supports, reinforces, cushions,& resists compression
    forms EMBRYONIC SKELETON
    forms cartilage structure of nose,teachea, larynx. FLEXIBLE
  53. 53Elastic Cartilagesimilar to hyaline, but with more elastic fibers, bend easier, more flexibility, goes back into shape.
    external ear and epiglottis
  54. 54Fibrocartilagematrix similar to hyline, but LESS FIRM.
    mostly collagen
    good tensile strength;ABSORBS COMPRESSIVE SHOCK
    INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS & KNEE JOINTS
  55. 55BoneMatrix of many collagen fibers and calcium deposits
    supports and protects the body;leverage movement
    storage of calcium and minerals
  56. 56BloodRBC, WBC, & platlets in a fluid plasma
    transports gasses, nutrients, wastes, substances
    contained within blood vessels
    WBC are bigger. Heart or Blood vessel
  57. 57Nervous (Nerve) TissueTwo major types:
    Neurons
    Supporting Cells
  58. 58Nervous (Nerve) Tissue Neuronsbranching cells that generate and conduct impulses (electric and chemical)
    respond to stimuli
    rapid communication
  59. 59Nervous (Nerve) Tissue Supporting Cellsnon conducting cells that insulate and protect neurons
  60. 60Muscle Tissuehighly cellular and well-vascularized
    cells have myofilaments: actin & myosin proteins
    contracts
    3 types
  61. 61what are the three types of muscle tissue?skeletal, cadiac, smooth
  62. 62skeletal muscle-long cylindrical multinucleate cells
    -cells have striations due to actin-myosin arrangement
    -enclosed in connective tissue sheath
    -VOLUNTARY CONTROL
  63. 63Cardiac Muscle-composed of uninucleate, branched cells interconnected by intercalated discs
    -cells have striations due to actin-myosin arrangement
    -only in heart wall
    -INVOLUNTARY CONTROL
  64. 64Smooth Muscle-one nucleus per cell
    -composed of spindle shaped cells
    -found in walls of hollow organs other than heart. STOMACH.
    -contract & relax to squeeze things thru
    -Involuntary control
  65. 65coverings and linings by tissue menbranes-thin sheet or layer of tissue that covers a structure or lines a body cavity
    -3 main cells
  66. 66cutaneous membrane Skinstratified squamous epithelium (epidermis)
    attached to thick layer of dense irregular connective tissue (dermis)
  67. 67Mucous membrane-line body cavities that open to exterior
    -ex. respiratory, digestive, urogenital tracts
    -epithelium attached to lamina propria loose connective tissue
    -moist with mucous or urine
  68. 68Serous membraneslines out and inside of organs to prevent friction of organs rubbing against eachother and walls.
    simple squamous epithelium
    line closed ventral body cavities
  69. 69Tissue RepairTwo Major Ways
    1.regeneration-replaces damaged tissue with same tissue.
    2. Fibrous- replaces damaged tissue with fibrous CT (Scar tissue)
  70. 70Inflammationinjured tissue cells, mast cells, macrophanges release inflammatory chemicals (esp. HISTAMINE)
    dilates nearby capillaries->clot
    blood clot forms to protecting scab
    macrophanges phagocytose & digest debris
  71. 71Organizationfibroblasts migrate into would and deposit new collagen fibers
    blood clot replaced by granulation tissue
  72. 72Regeneration and or Fibrosisepithelial cells multiple and migrate to fill wounds under scab
    granulation tissue remodeled, yet remains fibrous scar
    *fibrosis scar is not as flexible.

Information

Description
Flashcards on Anatomy Chapter 4: Tissues, created by kerry.harrington on 23/09/2013.
Views
36
Rating

Feedback

What is it about?

What do you think of the new look?

How do you like it?