Flashcards
Chapter 1 Key Terms
Cards in this deck (15)
- 1Applied Behavior AnalysisThe science in which tactics derived from the principles of behavior are applied to improve socially significant behavior and experimentations used to identify the variables responsible for the improvement of behavior
- 2BehaviorismThe philosophy of the science of the behavior
- 3DeterminismThe assumption that the universe is a lawful and orderly place in which phenomena occur in relation to other events and not in a willy-nilly, accidental fashion
- 4EmpiricismThe objective observation of the phenomena of interest
- 5ExperimentA carefully conducted comparison in some measure of the phenomenon of interest (the dependent variable) under two or more different conditions in which only one factor at a time (the independent variable) differs from one condition to another
- 6Experimental Analysis of Behavior (EAB)A natural science approach to the study of behavior as subject matter in its own right
Founded by B.F. Skinner - 7Explanatory FictionA fictitious or hypothetical variable that often is simply another name for the observed behavior that contributes nothing to an understanding of the variables responsible for developing or maintaining the behavior
- 8Functional RelationWhen a well-controlled experiment reveals that a specific change in one event (the dependent variable) can reliably be produced by specific manipulations of another event (the independent variable) and that the change in the dependent variable was unlikely to be the result of other extraneous factors (confounding variables)
- 9MentalismAn approach to the study of behavior which assumes that an "inner" dimension exists that differs from a behavioral dimension and that phenomena in this dimension either directly cause or at least mediate some forms of behavior, if not all
- 10Methodological BehaviorismA philosophical that views behavioral events that cannot be publicly observed as outside the realm of science
- 11ParsimonyThe practice of ruling out simple, logical explanations, experimentally or conceptually, before considering more complex or abstract explanations
- 12Philosophic DoubtAn attitude that the truthfulness and validity of all scientific theory and knowledge should be continually questioned
- 13Radical BehaviorismA form of behaviorism that attempts to understand all human behavior, including private events such as thought and feelings, interns of controlling variables in the history of the person (ontogeny) and the species (phylogeny)
- 14ReplicationRepeating conditions within an experiment to determine the reliability of effects and increase internal validity
- 15ScienceA systematic approach to the understanding of natural phenomena- as evidenced by description, predictions, and control- that relies on determinism as its fundamental assumption, empiricism as its prime directive, experimentation as its basic strategy, replication as its necessary requirement for believability, parsimony as its conservative value, and philosophic doubt as its guiding conscience
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- Chapter 1: Definition and Characteristics of Applied Behavior Analysis
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- Samantha Case
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