22991386
Description
Flashcards by Mayola Rodrigues, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Mayola Rodrigues
almost 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Word recognition | According to Literacy Information and Communication System (LINCS), word recognition is "the ability of a reader to recognize written words correctly and virtually effortlessly". |
| Another term for word recognition | Lexical decision task |
| Lexical decision task | In the lexical decision task, a person is presented, on each trial, with a target string of letters, and must judge whether the target string is a correctly spelled word in English (or some other reference language). |
| Theories of word recognition | Bouma shape Model of parallel letter recognition Serial recognition model Neural networks of word recognition Frequency effect |
| Bouma shape theory | Herman Bouma (1973) People recognize words from the shape the letters make in a group, relative to each other. Via prior exposure, people become familiar with outlines, and thereby recognize them the next time they are presented with the same word, or bouma. |
| Model of Parallel Letter Recognition | In this model, all letters within a group are perceived simultaneously and this information is used for word recognition. |
| Serial recognition model | This model proposes that letters are recognized individually, one by one, before being integrated for word recognition. |
| Neural networks of word recognition | Visual aspects of a word activate word-recognizing receptors that excite connections to words with characters matching the visual representation of the word being observed and inhibit connections with irrelevant words. This activates the correct word as part of word recognition in the neural network. |
| Frequency effect | It suggests that words which appear the most in printed language are recognized faster and more accurately than words which appear less frequently. |
| Word superiority effect | The word superiority effect refers to the fact that letters (i.e., lower-level information) are more accurately reported when presented in words than when presented in nonwords. |
| 3 steps to make word recognition automatic | Phonological awareness Decoding Sight recognition of high frequency words |
| Phonological awareness | Awareness of various-sized units of sounds in spoken words such as rhymes (whole words), syllables (large parts of words), and phonemes (individual sounds). |
| Decoding | It is a deliberate act in which readers must “consciously and deliberately apply their knowledge of the mapping system to produce a plausible pronunciation of a word they do not instantly recognize”. |
| Sight word recognition | Recognizing words that an individual can read as a whole word, without sounding it out. |
| Benefit of word-recognition strategies | Strategies that permit children to quickly and automatically translate letters or spelling patterns of written words into speech sounds can be used with children having reading disabilities so that they can identify words and gain rapid access to their meanings. |
| Application | Word recognition tasks can be used with children, poor readers and individuals with learning disabilities to increase their awareness of spelling patterns. |
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