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| Question | Answer |
| Definition of absorb | an object absorbs energy when the energy from infrared radiation is transferred to the particles of the object, increasing the temperature of the object |
| Definition of ampere (amp) | unit used to measure electrical current |
| Definition of amplitude | size of wave oscillations - for a mechanical wave, it describes how far the particles vibrate around their central position. |
| Definition of angle of incidence | angle between the ray hitting a mirror or lens and the normal |
| Definition of angle of reflection | angle between a ray reflecting from a mirror and the normal |
| Definition of The Big Bang Theory | theory that states that the universe originated from a point at very high temperature, and everything in the universe formed as energy and matter exploded outwards from a point and cooled down |
| CMBR (cosmic microwave background radiation) | microwave radiation coming very faintly from all directions of space |
| Definition of diffraction | change in direction of a wave caused by passing through a narrow gap or round an obstacle such as a sharp corner |
| Definition of Doppler effect | change in wavelength and frequency of a wave than an observer notices if the wave source is moving towards them or away from them |
| Definition of electromagnetic radiation (EM) | energy transferred as electromagnetic waves |
| Definition of electromagnetic spectrum | electromagnetic waves ordered according to wavelengths and frequency - ranging from radio waves to gamma rays |
| Definition of electromagnetic waves | a group of waves that transfer energy - they can travel through a vacuum and travel at the speed of light |
| Definition of gamma ray | radioactive and dangerous to human health |
| Definition of geothermal power station | power station generating electricity using the heat in underground rocks to heat water |
| Definition of incident ray | the ray of light hitting a mirror or lens |
| Definition of infrared radiation | energy transferred as heat - a type of electromagnetic radiation |
| Definition of joule | unit used to measure energy |
| kinetic theory | model used to explain how energy is transferred by particles in a substance |
| Laterally inverted image | left and right are reversed when seen in a mirror |
| Longitudinal wave | a wave in which the direction that the particles are vibrating is the same direction in which the energy is being transferred by the wave |
| Mechanical wave | wave in which energy is transferred by particles or objects moving, such as wave on a string or a water wave |
| National Grid | network that distributes electricity from power stations across the country |
| Definition of oscillate | vibration to and fro of particles in a wave |
| Radio wave | Used to transmit radio and TV |
| Rarefaction | areas of longitudinal wave in which the vibrating particles are spread out more then usual |
| Ray diagram | diagrams showing how light rays travel |
| Red Shift | if an object has red shift it is moving away from the observer |
| refraction | change of direction when a wave hits the boundary between two media at an angle - for example when a light ray passes through air into a glass block |
| Specific heat capacity | a measure of the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a 1kg substance by 1C |
| Transverse wave | a wave at which the vibration of the particles are at right angles to the direction in which the wave transfers energy |
| ultraviolet radiation | electromagnetic radiation that can damage human skin |
| U-value | a measure of how easily energy is transferred through s material as heat |
| Virtual image | image that can be seen but cannot be projected onto a screen |
| voltage | a measure of the energy carried by an electric current |
| Watt | unit of energy transfer |
| wavelength | distance between two wave peaks |
| x-rays | used in x-ray photography to generate pictures of bones |
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