2412280
Description
Flashcards by James Jolliffe, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by James Jolliffe
about 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What two new weapons revolutionised warfare in the Later Middle Ages? | The Cannon The Longbow |
| The Longbow: What was the firing range? What was the piercing range? | Firing range = 400m Armour piercing range = 200m |
| What type of army was was French army at Agincourt? | A feudal army |
| How was Henry's army hired? | A Contract or Indenture |
| Was Henry's army professional? Why? | Yes, because they were mercenaries. |
| What was 'scutage'? | 'Scutage' allowed knights to 'buy out' of their military service |
| How large was Henry's army? | 8000 |
| How large was the French's army? | 20-30,000 |
| What illness did much of Henry's army suffer from? | Dysentery |
| Before the Battle of Agincourt - Part 1: What war was Agincourt part of? | The hundred-years war |
| Before the Battle of Agincourt - Part 2: Where did Henry beseige in Northern France, as he needed a base? | Harfleur |
| Before the Battle of Agincourt - Part 3: How many cannons did Henry use to pound the walls of Harfleur? What/Who did Henry leave at Harfleur? | 12 Cannons A small garrison of soldiers |
| The Battle of Agincourt - Part 1: Where was Henry's army heading to, when they were stopped at Agincourt? | Calais |
| The Battle of Agincourt - Part 2: Describe the area where the battle took place in? | A narrow piece of ploughed land, between two woods. |
| The Battle of Agincourt - Part 3: Where did Henry position his troops? | Between the woods where the gap was narrowest. |
| The Battle of Agincourt - Part 4: What did Henry do to stop the advance of the French? | Place angled stakes in the ground. |
| The Battle of Agincourt - Part 5: What was 'galling'? Why did the French get annoyed at it? | Henry's tactic of hiding his Longbow men in the woods, and shooting at the French. It was unchivalrous. |
| The Battle of Agincourt - Part 6: What did the French then do? | Showed anger and indiscipline and attacked. |
| The Battle of Agincourt - Part 7: What meant that the French couldn't use their extra men? | The narrow approach to Henry's army. |
| The Battle of Agincourt - Part 8: How did Henry V's army finish off the French? | His longbow put aside their bows and attacked from the flanks with their swords. Used cavalry to attack the retreating French from the rear. |
| What were the two main problems that faced early cannons? | Range and accuracy |
| How was the problems with range dealt with? | Trunnions |
| How were the problems of accuracy dealt with? | Quadrants |
| What was one of the early types of musket? | Matchlock |
| What were the three main problems with this musket? | It was heavy. It wasn't good in the wet. It showed the position at night. |
| How were armies supplied? | Baggage trains Plunder/stealing |
| What was the name of parliament's permanent army, that they introduced? | The new model army! |
| Who created the Ironsides? What were the Ironsides? | Oliver Cromwell They were highly disciplined Parliamentary cavalry. |
| The Battle of Naseby - Part 1: What were the 3 main tactics used by Cromwell at Naseby? | 1. Moved army to shallower slope 2. Put Okey's Dragoons behind hedge to provoke Royalist attack 3. Split his cavalry to defeat Langdale and surround Royalist Infantry |
| The Battle of Naseby - Part 2: Who fought for the Royalists at Naseby? Who fought for Parliament at Naseby? | Royalists: King Charles Marmaduke Langdale Prince Rupert Parliament: Sir Thomas Fairfax Oliver Cromwell John Okey Henry Ireton |
| The Battle of Naseby - Part 3: Where was Parliaments army positioned? | At the top of a steep hill |
| The Battle of Naseby - Part 4: Where did Cromwell move the army, to try and encourage the Royalists to attack? | To the west |
| The Battle of Naseby - Part 5: Why was Okey's Dragoons put behind the hedge? | To provoke Prince Rupert's Cavalry |
| The Battle of Naseby - Part 6: What happened when Okey fired at the cavalry? | Prince Rupert's cavalry lost discipline, and charged at Ireton's cavalry. |
| The Battle of Naseby - Part 7: What did Ireton's cavalry then do? What did this mean for Parliament's army? | They retreated. Charles' army was then winning. |
| The Battle of Naseby - Part 8: What did Prince Rupert and his men then do? | They got so excited (because they were winning), that they forgot about the battle, stumbling upon Parliament's baggage train and raiding that. |
| The Battle of Naseby - Part 9: What did the Royalist infantry then do? | They marched up the hill, and attack parliament's infantry. They pushed through Parliament's infantry, because the new model army was inexperienced. |
| The Battle of Naseby - Part 10: What did Langdale's cavalry and Cromwell's cavalry then do? What was the outcome of that? | They charged at each other. Cromwell's experienced Ironsides easily forced Langdales cavalry off the battlefield. |
| The Battle of Naseby - Part 11 (The final one): How did the battle end? | Half of Cromwell's cavalry keep Langdale's away, whilst the other half comes behind the royalist's infantry, sandwiching the royalists. Okey's Dragoons see this and join in, the Royalists are defeated. |
| Were archers used in the English Civil War? | No |
| What killed the majority of soldiers? | Disease - in fact, this was 5x more likely to kill a soldier than battlefield injuries. |
| What new type of musket was introduced in 1715? | The Brown Bess Flintlock |
| What was the British army split up into? | Regiments |
| What made up 75% of most armies? | Infantry |
| What was local militia? | A way of getting soldiers - Men were forced to join up |
| What might have military discipline involved in the 18th Century? | - Whipping - Branding - Lengthening of contract - Shot |
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