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- 1Factors affecting the decision to have a children -relationship between partners -peer pressure/social expectation -genetic counselling for hereditary disease -finance -parental ageRelationship between partners
Couples need to be have been long with each other, happy, caring and secure relationship based on trust.
Parents should trust each others ability. Should feel confident that that they can cope. - 2Finance is an important factor when deciding to have a child. The most expensive years are between the ages of 1 and 4. Education is the most expensive aspect: school uniforms, lunches, trips and equipment.Parental age: age of the mother
as she ages her ability to conceive will decline, after menopause she will no longer be able to get pregnant.
Age of the father: men produce sperms all their life as long as they are physically capable of sexual intercourse. - 3Peer pressure/social expectations - several members of a friendship group have babies,leaving them feeling excluded - there is a social expectation from family and friends for a couple to start a family - people are surprised by a couple who don't want children.Genetic counselling for hereditary diseases: down's syndrome, sickle cell anaemia.
Parents at risk of having a child will be offered counselling:
- if there has been repeated miscarriages or problems getting pregnant. - 4Pre-conception health impacts the health of a baby.Factors impacting pre-conception health:
- up to date immunisations
-smoking/alcohol/recreational drugs
-healthy weight
-exercise
-diet - 5Diet is vital for the mother before and during pregnancy. The baby is reliant on her for all the nutrients needed for growth and development.Foods standards agency recommended that
-you should have at least 5 portions of fruit and vegetables
-foods that include protein,iron,starchy foods, fish 2 times per week - 6Exercise: being fit and healthy before conception helps the body to cope with pregnancy and birth. It is needed to maintain ongoing fitness during pregnancy.Healthy weight:
being overweight: it can affect ovulation and reduce fertility, interfere with monitoring baby's growth and development, increases chances of c-section. - 7Caesarean- where a baby is delivered through a surgical incision (cut) made in the mother's abdomen and uterus. Being underweight can reduce fertility, affecting periods and ovulation.Dangers of smoking:
once pregnant chemicals from smoke are inhaled by a mother will pass from her lungs into bloodstream and is passed to baby via placenta, risk of premature birth, miscarriage, stillbirth and fetal abnormalities. - 8Alcohol: not sure how much women should take but it is said the more she drink the higher the risk and she should not drink at all, can affect the development of the baby's liver, risk of premature birth and low birth weight.Recreation drugs: can seriously affect an unborn baby's growth and development, the amount of oxygen reaching the baby can be reduced, problems with the placenta which causes severe bleeding, life threatening for mother and baby.
- 9Up to date immunisations: vaccinations contribute to a woman's health before and during pregnancy, also benefits baby. The whopping cough vaccine and flu are available to pregnant women.Roles and responsibilities of a parenthood:
Providing for a child's primary needs is a crucial part of a parent's role and responsibilities.
primary needs are the basic needs that must be met in order for a child to survive. - 10Food - providing with adequate food and water, regular meals and snacks -providing foods that contain right nutrients for baby/child at each stage of development. - making time to shop, prepare and cook.Clothing
-providing children with sufficient clothing for all weathers
-replacing clothes children have grown out of- expensive when children go through growth spurts
- laundering and ironing regularly. - 11Shelter - providing a safe place - ensuring home is healthy for children to live (no damp) can cause asthma/chest infections. -making the rent or mortgage payments to ensure children have secure home lifeWarmth
-ensuring children are warm by providing sufficient clothing, bedding and central heating
- paying central heating bills
-paying to mend the central heating system if it breaks down. - 12Rest/sleep -ensuring children get enough rest and sleep, as this is crucial to well-being, learning,growth and development - parents need to reduce their social life to ensure child gets good quality rest and sleepIn addition, it is within a parent's role and responsibilities to provide:
- love and nurture
- socialisation, customs and values. - 13Providing love and nurture: All children need & deserve to be loved & brought up in a supportive, nurturing environment. A child who does not receive love and nurture: - may fail to thrive - may be unhappySocialisation
-as children grow older, they need to understand socially acceptable behaviour
-an important part is that they need a role model.
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- Flashcards on Untitled, created by Farah Ali on 15/07/2020.
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- Farah Ali · Jul 2020
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- Jul 15, 2020
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