Flashcards
MCAT Atomic Structure Review
Cards in this deck (26)
- 1the fundamental unit of chargee = 1.6 x 10^-19 C
- 2atomic mass vs atomic weightatomic mass/mass number: the sum of protons and neutrons
atomic weight: the weighted average of an element's isotopes - 3Avogadro's Number6.02 x 10^23
- 4Planck's relation (frequency)E = hf
- 5Planck's constant6.626 x 10^-34 J*s
- 6Angular momentum of an electronL = nh / 2pi
***n: principal quantum number - 7The energy of an electron (Bohr's model)E = -Rh / n^2
- 8Rydberg Unit of Energy2.18 x 10^-18 J/electron
- 9Planck's relation (wavelength)E = hc / lambda
- 10speed of light3.0 x 10^8 m/s
- 11Energy of Electron TransitionE = -Rh (1-n^2 - 1-n^2)
- 12Rutherfordan atom has a positively charged nucleus that makes up only a small portion of the atom's volume
- 13PlanckQuantization: electrons can only exist at certain energy levels
- 14Bohrelectrons revolve around a positively charged nucleus at distinct energy levels
- 15modern quantum mechanics modelelectrons don't travel in defined orbits; instead, they are localized in orbitals, regions of space surrounding a nucleus
- 16Heisenberg Uncertainty Principleit's impossible to know the exact position and momentum of any given electron at an exact time
- 17principal quantum numbern; describes the average energy of a shell; assumes any positive integer
- 18azimuthal quantum numberl; 0 - (n-1); subshells (s, p, d, & f)
- 19maximum number of electrons in a shell2n^2
- 20maximum number of electrons in a subshell4l + 2
- 21Pauli Exclusion Principleno 2 electrons can have the exact same set of quantum numbers
- 22Magnetic Quantum Numberml; (-l to +l); specifies in which orbital an electron is found; s is spherical and p is dumbbell-shaped
- 23Spin Quantum Numberms; assumes + or - 1/2; describes spin of an electron
- 24Aufbau Principle (Building-Up Principle)electrons fill from lower to higher energy levels (n + l rule)
- 25Hund's Ruleeach orbital in a subshell gets one electron before another one gets a second;
exceptions: copper and chromium groups
paramagnetic: orbitals have unpaired electrons
diamagnetic: orbitals have paired electrons - 26Valence Electronselectrons in the outermost shell; gives the element its main properties
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- Flashcards on MCAT Atomic Structure Review, created by Saige Boris on 21/07/2020.
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