Anarchism

Question	Answer
What are the essential core features of anarchism?	1. Abolishment of the State 2. Abolishment of private property 3. Freedom of the individual but at the same time value of the community 4. Mutualism (Proudon) or Collective ownership (Bakunin)
Who are the key thinkers in anarchism?	1. William Godwin (1756-1836) 2. P.J. Proudhon (1809- 1865) 3. M. Bakunin (1814-76) 4. Max Stirner (1806-56)
Who is believed to be the precursor of anarchic thinking and why?	Rousseau. He criticized liberalism and the social contract theory as an agreement that is forced upon the individual. Eventually, the individual breaks it and that is how crime takes place.
What is mutualism?	It is an economic theory whereby the labourers own the means of production and the cost of the goods produced is equal to the value of the means of production used and the living expenses of the labourer himself.
What are the factors to examine when writing about anarchism?	The role of the State; class struggle; private property; human nature; laws & rights; society vs individual
When did anarchism develop?	Enlightenment
What is common ownership?	It is joint ownership of the means of production by all individuals in the society. It is something COMPLETELY different from collective ownership.
What are the objections&criticisms of anarchic thinking?	1. Creates disorder 2. State is essential to enforce agreements 3. What do we do with criminals?
How do anarchists respond to the objection of disorder?	They say that when government is removed the society will naturally become harmonic. They emphasize the fact that the areas where government is abandoned are characterized by harmony. They also state that it is better to have disorder than order through repression.
How do anarchists justify the absence of government in the necessity of enforcing agreements?	Agreements that are enforced on an individuals are the most likely to be broken. When the agreement is freely chosen, it is the most likely to be kept. They give examples of free enterprises (Red Cross etc.), which work fine simply from human free initiative.
How do anarchists respond to the problems with criminals?	Crime results from how the society is structured, for example from the enforcement of agreements. For example, crime is likely to occur when an individual is forced to do unpleasant work. That should be abandoned such that technology does that work.
What are the similarities between anarchism and liberalism?	Both have the same assumptions about human nature, with humans being essentially rational, progressive and good and thus corrupted by the society. If talking about individualist anarchism, they emphasize freedom to approx. equally great extent
Which factors are being viewed differently by liberalism and anarchism?	1. The rule of law 2. The role of the government 3. Private property 4. Rights 5. Competition 6. Equality
Who said "Property is theft"?	Proudhon, who advocated mutualism
What anarchic thinker presented collectivist anarchism?	Mikhail Bakunin
What anarchic thinker was the first one to present individualist anarchism?	Max Stirner
What anarchic thinker was the first one to introduce communist anarchism?	Peter Kropotkin
What are the main differences between socialism and anarchism?	The role of the government is opposed between the two whereas the means of ownership are being viewed differently according the different strands of the two.
What is the core difference between Marxism and anarchism?	The two ideologies have the same goal- to get rid of the class struggle. Whereas the former views it as possible with the presence of government, the latter claims that class struggle will proceed as long as there is a government authority.
Who said: "From his birth not a single human being is either good or bad... the respect for truth, reason and labour can be developed in men only through upbringing and education"?	Bakunin

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	Created by Anne-Lena Ramstad about 9 years ago