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Flashcards

Spartan Glossary

Juliet SARGENT Ancient History Higher School Certificate English 57 cards

Cards in this deck (57)

  1. 1Isthmus of CorinthNarrow strip of land with sea on either side, linking two large land areas -> specifically between the Peloponnese and central Greece
  2. 2PeloponnesePeninsula of Greece, joined to central Greece at the Isthmus in Corinth. Consisted of Sparta in Laconia.
  3. 3LaconiaSouth-eastern region of the Peloponnese, situated between mountain regions to the North, East and West.
  4. 4MesseniaSouth-western region of the Peloponnese
  5. 5LacedaemonianInhabitants in Laconia region of Sparta and its surroundings
  6. 6Mt TaygetusMountain range between Messenia and Laconia. Thought to be the mountain weak babies were tossed off.
  7. 7Eurotas RiverMajor river running through Laconia in the Peloponnese. Spartan villages settled around it in the alluvial plain
  8. 8DoriansEarliest inhabitants of the Peloponnese, ancestors of Spartans
  9. 9LycurgusLegendary lawgiver of Spartan, who created reforms to make a more equal society focused on military values
  10. 10SpartiateMale citizen of Sparta
  11. 11HelotPopulation enslaved by Sparta
  12. 12Perioeci or PerioikoiPeople living around Laconia, involved in trade with Sparta and served as Hoplites in war.
  13. 13AgogeEducation and training program for all male Spartans at the age of 7
  14. 14OligarchyGovernment with all/most of the power in a small number of people -> made up of men usually
  15. 15DemocracyGovernment where citizens (males, 30+) elect representatives
  16. 16DiarchyTwo kings -> One from each royal family; Agiad and Eurypontid -> Military and Religious role
  17. 17GerousiaSpartan council of elders (28 men over 60 + 2kings)
  18. 18EkklesiaSpartan assembly of all male citizens (over 30) -> only voted for or against laws/policy
  19. 19Ephors5 magistrates, elected annually -> political, foreign and judicial power
  20. 20RiderAddition to the Rhetra allowing Gerousia to adjourn and leave the assembly's vote unratified (veto)
  21. 21PartheniaiIllegitimate offspring between a helot and Spartiate -> inferior
  22. 22MothakesSons of helots, adopted as playmates for Spartan boys -> inferior
  23. 23NeonamodesHelots given freedom due to courageous act/service -> inferior
  24. 24TresantesDemoted Spartan citizens, failed to show courage in battle -> inferior
  25. 25Great RhetraThe Spartan constitution, established by Lycurgus -> meaning Great Saying/Proclamation
  26. 26EunomiaCreating good order/law also a minor Greek Goddess of law
  27. 27HomoioiEquals/peers
  28. 28Syssitia/SyssitionCommunal meals for Spartiates, once graduating Agoge
  29. 29KrypteiaOrganised murder of helots by young males in Sparta
  30. 30KlerosA plot of agricultural land given by the State to male Spartiates
  31. 31EireneOlder boys in Agoge, 19-24, able to supervise younger boys
  32. 32Apothetae'place of exposure' -> area on the mountain that weak children were dropped off into the chasm
  33. 33TyrtaeusSpartan poet -> military, 2nd Messenian war, eunomia
  34. 34AlcmanSpartan poet -> beauty, love, nature
  35. 35Dorian PeplosRobe/shawl worn by Spartan women -> slit skirts
  36. 36HopliteHeavily armed infantry, named after the Hoplon shield
  37. 37HoplonType of shield -> Lambda marking used within Sparta
  38. 38PhalanxMass military formation, standing closely together, locked in shields
  39. 39GreavesArmour made of bronze used to protect shins
  40. 40PhoinikisPurple cloak, worn by soldiers
  41. 41EnomotiaiFour files of eight men (32), commanded by enomotarch
  42. 42PentekostyeFour enomotiai (128), commanded by Pentekonter
  43. 43LochosFour pentekostye (512), commanded by Lochagos
  44. 44MoraMain part of phalanx, seven lochoi (3, 584), commanded by polemarch
  45. 45LeonidasKing of Sparta, who led a small group to the Battle of Thermopylae, defending the pass from the Persians
  46. 46HyakinthiaFestival held at Amyklaion -> three days, for Apollo's lost love
  47. 47GymnopaediaYearly festival -> athletics, war dancing, nudity
  48. 48Karneia/CarneiImportant festival of Apollo held in late August for 9 days
  49. 49sanctuaryReligious site/temple -> sacred space
  50. 50DioscuriTwin brothers Castor (father was king of Sparta) and Pollux
  51. 51MenelaionSite near Sparta, shrine to Menelaus from Homer's Troy
  52. 52AmyklaionVillage near Laconia, religious site of a shrine to Apollo, links to Hyakinthia festival
  53. 53AgamoiAn unmarried man without children -> excluded from some festival celebrations
  54. 54LibationDrink poured out as offering to deity
  55. 55DivinationPractice of seeking knowledge of future -> done through rituals or prophecy through Oracles
  56. 56VotiveObject offered in fulfillment of a vow i.e. candles
  57. 57PaeanSong of praise and triumph

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Higher School Certificate Ancient History Flashcards on Spartan Glossary, created by Juliet SARGENT on 24/07/2020.
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Juliet SARGENT
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