Flashcards
Child Language Aquisition
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- 1Pragmatic Development - *HALLIDAY* INSTRUMENTAL - Language used to fulfill the speakers needs REGULATORY - Language used to influence the behaviour of others INTERACTIONAL - Language used to develop social relationshipsPERSONAL - Language used to express preferences/identity
INFORMATIVE - Language used to communicate information
HEURISTIC - Used to learn and explore the environment
IMAGINATIVE - Used to explore the imagination - 2GRAMMATICAL DEVELOPMENTONE WORD / HOLOPHRASTIC STAGE
- This is from the ages of 12 to 18 months old.
- This is where a child may use a single word to express a whole sentence. (Holophrases) - 3TWO WORD STAGE - This occurs around 18 months - This is where children focus on the main parts of a sentence such as a subject and verb - There is not much understanding of tense and plurals in this stageTELEGRAPHIC STAGE
- This is usually at the age of 2 years
- Three or four word utterances that do sometimes make grammatical sense.
- They tend to miss out word types such as articles, auxiliary verbs, prepositions and conjunctions - 4ACQUISITION OF INFLECTIONS BROWN (1973) 1) -ing 2) plural '-s' 3) possessive '-s' 4) the, a 5) past tense -ed 6) third person sing. verb endings '-s' 7) auxiliary verbs 'be'CRUTTENDON'S STAGES (1979)
1) Children memorise words individually
2) OVERGENERALISATION - understanding of general rules of inflections but they are sometimes used incorrectly
3) Correct inflections are used - 5*CASE STUDY* JEAN BERKO'S WUGS Jean Berko showed a fictitious creature called a 'wug' to children of different ages. When met with a picture of two of these creatures, the children applied their grammatical knowledge to say that they were 'wugs'. This shows that children from 2-5 may overgeneralise.ASKING QUESTIONS
- Rising intonation is a way that children may ask questions (12-18 months)
- Acquire some question words (2 y/o)
- Use of auxiliary verbs and all question words to ask questions (3 y/o) - 6NEGATIVES (STAGES) 1) Words like 'no' and 'not' are used before expressions 2) Words like 'don't' and 'can't' are used 3) Words like 'didn't' and 'isn't' are used more accurately...........................................................................
- 7CHILD-DIRECTED SPEECH Phonology: - Separate phrases more distinctly -Speaking more slowly -Rising and falling intonationLexis and Semantics:
- Use of concrete nouns
- Use child's pronunciation of words
-Use of child's name instead pronouns - 8Grammar: - Simpler constructions - High degree of repetition - One word utterances - Higher use of simple sentences of which the framework is repeated-Omission of past tenses, inflections
-Use of commands and (tag) questions
-Use of EXPANSION: fills the utterance
-Use of RECASTING: child's vocab into a new utterance - 9Pragmatics: - Lots of gesture and warm body language. - Fewer utterances per return - Supportive language...........................................................................
- 10NAME - NOAM CHOMSKY NATURE/NURTURE - NATURE THEORY - LANGUAGE ACQUISITON DEVICE EXPLANATION: That all children have an in-built ability to acquire any language as there is a 'Universal Grammar'NAME - LEV VYGOTSKY
NATURE/NURTURE: NURTURE
THEORY: ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT
EXPLANATION: It is the range of abilities that a child can perform with assistance, but can’t yet do them independently. - 11NAME: ERIC LENNEBERG NATURE/NURTURE: NURTURE THEORY: CRITICAL AGE PERIOD EXPLANATION: The hypothesis claims there is an ideal time window to acquire language after which further language acquisition becomes much more difficult and effortful.NAME: JEROME BRÜNER
NATURE/NURTURE: QUASI-NURTURE
THEORY: LANGUAGE ACQUISITION SUPPORT SYSTEM
EXPLANATION: It refers to the support for language learning provided by parents and care givers. - 12NAME: JEAN PIAGET NATURE/NURTURE: NATURE (COGNITIVE) THEORY: COGNITIVE STAGES EXPLANATION: - Sensorimotor - Pre-Operational - Concrete Operational - Formal OperationalNAME: SKINNER
NATURE/NURTURE: NURTURE (BEHAVIOURIST)
THEORY: POSITIVE/NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT
EXPLANATION: If children say something correct they are rewarded, with praise or attention, whereas if they got something wrong they would be punished or corrected.
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- A-Level Jamie: English Language (Hathaway) Flashcards on Child Language Aquisition, created by jamielambert98 on 07/04/2015.
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