Flashcards
MCAT physics thermodynamics
Cards in this deck (20)
- 1Zeroth Law of Thermodynamicsobjects are at thermal equilibrium when they are at the same temperature; these objects experience no net exchange of heat energy
- 2Temperature vs Heatavg kinetic energy of particles; a measure of how hot or cold something is; heat is the transfer of thermal energy
- 3Thermal Expansiondescribes how a substance changes length or volume as a function of the change in temperature
- 4Thermal expansion equationdelta L = (alpha)LdeltaT
- 5Volume expansion equationdelta V = (beta)VdeltaT
beta=3alpha - 6Isolated vs Closed vs Open SystemsIsolated: cannot exchange energy or matter with the surroundings; examples: bomb calorimeters
Closed: can exchange energy, but not matter with the surroundings; examples: gases in vessels with movable pistons
Open: can exchange both energy and matter with the surroundings; examples: humans, a pot of boiling water, combustions - 7State Functions vs Process FunctionsState: current equilibrium state (PDTVHUGS)
Process: describe the path to get to an equilibrium state (work & heat) - 8The first law of thermodynamicsthe energy in the universe can never increase or decrease, but it can be converted from one form to another
- 9The first law of thermodynamics equation (internal energy)delta U = Q - W; the total internal energy is equal to the heat flow into the system minus the work done by the system
- 10Specific Heatthe amount of energy required to raise one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius; the specific heat of water is 1 cal / g x K
- 11Four types of thermodynamic systems1. Isobaric: pressure is constant
2. isovolumetric/isochoric: volume is constant; no work is done; delta U = Q
3. adiabatic: no heat change; delta U = -W
4. isothermal: temp is constant; Q = W - 12heat of transformationduring a phase change, heat energy causes changes in the particles' potential energy and energy distribution (entropy), but not kinetic energy; therefore, there is no change in temperature
- 13Radiation vs Convection vs Conduction
- 14Work equation (pressure vs volume graph)W = P delta V
- 15Heat gained or lost (with temp change and during phase change) equationsQ = mcdeltat
Q = mL - 16The Second Law of Thermodynamicsenergy will spontaneously and irreversibly go from being localized to being spread out
- 17Entropya measure of how much energy has spread out or how spread out energy has become
- 18Natural processesall are irreversible; under highly controlled conditions, however, some are essentially deemed reversible
- 19Entropy and heat equationdelta S = Q rev / T
- 20The second law of thermodynamics equationdelta S universe = delta S sys + delta S surr > 0
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- Flashcards on MCAT physics thermodynamics, created by Saige Boris on 06/08/2020.
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- Saige Boris · Aug 2020
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- Aug 7, 2020
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