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Flashcards

SKIN

lidiakrivenko English 23 cards

Cards in this deck (23)

  1. 1List the functions of the integumentary system.-Protection of the underlying tissues
    -Excretion of waste
    -Thermoregulation
    -Melanin production to protect from UV
    -Lipid storage and production of vitamin D precursor
    -Sensory detection
  2. 2What are the three layers of the skin?1. Epidermis
    2.Dermis
    3.Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)
  3. 3What tissue do the skin layers consist of?Epidermis=epithelial tissue (stratified squamous cells)
    Dermis=connective tissue
    Hypodermis=areolar and adipose tissue
  4. 4What are Keratinocytes?Cells that produce keratin for toughness and waterproofing, found abundantly in the epidermis of skin
  5. 5What are Melanocytes?Cells found in the epidermis, synthesise melanin which protects DNA from UV)
  6. 6What are Langerhans?Macrophage cells found in the epidermis of skin, are involved in immune responses.
  7. 7What are Merkel Cells?Disc-like cells in contact with a nerve ending, detect touch sensations.
  8. 8What are the Epidermal Layers?C -Stratum Corneum
    G -Stratum Granulosum
    S -Stratum Spinosum
    B -Stratum Basale
  9. 9What are the skin pigments and their functions?MELANIN= causes skin colour variation
    CAROTENE= yellow-orange pigment in stratum corneum and fatty layers.
    HAEMOGLOBIN= causes skin colour to appear pink, dependent on amount of Oxygen in blood.
  10. 10What are some main structures present in the dermis?Blood vessels
    Hair follicles
    Nerves
  11. 11What are the two main regions of the Dermis and their structure?PAPILLARY: areolar (loose) connective tissue; collagen and FINE elastic fibres; dermal papillae.
    RETICULAR: dense, irregular connective tissue; collagen and COARSE elastic fibres; contains sebaceous and sudoriferous glands.
  12. 12What is the structure and function of the Hypodermis?-Adipose and areolar tissue
    -Anchors skin to muscle
    -Shock absorber
    -Insulation
  13. 13What are the glands found in the reticular region of the Dermis?Sebaceous (OIL) Glands= produces sebum; keeps hairs from drying out; connected to hair follicles; absent in palms and soles
    Sudoriferous (SWEAT) Glands= secrete into hair follicles or onto skin surface through pores; ECCRINE (most common; forehead palms, soles), and APOCRINE (armpits, groin, beards)
  14. 14What are the functions of hair in the dermis?-To protect the scalp
    -Thermoregulation (pulling skin in)
    -To protect eyes, nasal cavity and ear canal from debris.
  15. 15What are nails made from?Tightly packed, hard, keratinised epidermal cells.
  16. 16What are the three barrier types of skin and functions?CHEMICAL= Low pH secretions which inhibit bacterial growth; production of melanin.
    PHYSICAL= skin continuity and keratinised cells; limited penetration of skin by lipid-solubles.
    BIOLOGICAL= Dendritic cells, macrophages, and DNA
  17. 17Thermoregulation is a function of skin, how is heat dissipated?Perspiration occurs to dissipate heat;
    INSENSIBLE Perspiration= 300-700 mL/ day
    SENSIBLE Perspiration= up to 12 L/ day
    At elevated temperatures, dermal vessels dilate and sweat gland activity increases (sensible perspiration) to cool the body
  18. 18How can tissue be repaired?Regeneration (new cells identical to damaged)
    AND
    Replacement (new type of tissue developed, leads to scar tissue, loss of function)
  19. 19What happens during Epidermal wound healing?1. Basal cells in the epidermis surrounding the wound break contact with the basement membrane
    2. Cells enlarge and migrate across the wound
    3. Migration stops when each cell is surrounded with other epidermal cells (contact inhibition).
  20. 20What are the stages of Deep Wound Healing?1. Haemostasis
    2. Inflammatory phase
    3. Proliferation phase
    4. Maturation (regeneration & fibrosis) phase
  21. 21What is an immediate threat of a burn?Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.
    Leads to renal shutdown and circulatory shock.
  22. 22What are the classifications and characteristics of burns?1st Degree= Epidermal damage only (local redness, swelling and pain)
    2nd Degree= Epidermal and UPPER dermal damage (blisters appear)
    3rd Degree= Entire thickness of skin is damaged (fray-white, cherry-red or black, no initial pain or swelling due to destroyed nerve endings, skin grafting necessary)
  23. 23What is the process of scar tissue formation?FIBROSIS

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Flashcards on SKIN, created by lidiakrivenko on 17/04/2015.
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