2535475
Description
Flashcards by Liberty Sims, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Liberty Sims
about 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Extraneous Variable | a variable (which is not the independent variable) but can affect the dependent variable if not controlled |
| Standardisation | a way of controlling extraneous variables; to keep variables the same across conditions |
| Experimental Design | A way of allocating participants to conditions in an experiment |
| Independent groups design | an experimental design in which participants are different in each condition. |
| Repeated measures design | an experimental design in which participants take part in each condition. |
| Sample | a smaller group selected from a larger population. |
| Target population | the entire set of people researchers want to generalise their results to. |
| Representative | an accurate reflection of a larger group. |
| Random sample | a sample for which everyone in the target population has an equal chance of being chosen |
| Opportunity sample | a sample drawn from the target population because they are available and convenient. |
| informed consent | when participants agree to take part in a study and also know what the aim of the study is. |
| Right to withdraw | when participants are allowed to stop participating in a study or can stop the study altogether. |
| Confidentiality | protecting the identity of the participants by not revealing names and other details. |
| Experiment | a method by which the researcher controls variables and measure their effect. |
| Lab experiment | an experiment carried out in a controlled environment. |
| Field experiment | an experiment carried out in a natural environment. |
| Self report | when participants report their own experiences. |
| Questionnaire | a set of pre-determined questions which are the same for all respondents. |
| Closed questions | questions for which there are set responses to choose from. |
| Open questions | questions for which there are no fixed responses. |
| Structured interview | an interview with pre-set questions. |
| Unstructured interview | an interview where questions may vary depending on the interviewee's responses. |
| Overt observation | to observe someone with their knowledge. |
| Covert observation | to observe someone without their knowledge. |
| Participant observation | to observe people whilst joining in their activities. |
| Non-participant observation | to observe people from a distance. |
| Case study | an in-depth study of one person or group. |
| Correlation study | a study that analyses two sets of data for a relationship. |
| Longitudinal study | a study carried out over a long period of time. |
| Cross-sectional study | a study where two or more groups are compare, to investigate changes or differences. |
| Validity | reflecting the truth. |
| Ecological validity | reflecting a real-life situation. |
| Reliability | consistency; replicates itself |
| Inter-rater reliability | when two or more researchers agree on (are consistent in) their findings. |
| Demand characteristics | cues in an experiment, which give away the aim |
| Observer effect | when participants behave differently from normal because they're aware they're being observed. |
| Social desirability | this describes responses that participants give when they say what they believe the researcher wants to hear. |
| Gender bias | viewing things from the perspective of one gender. |
| Cultural bias | viewing things from the perspective of one culture. |
| Experimenter bias | setting up an experiment and/or interpreting the results to fit a certain idea or theory. |
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