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Flashcards by lozzaa24, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by luke_pearce94
about 9 years ago
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Copied by lozzaa24
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| Question | Answer |
| Cultural deprivation | The theory that many working class and black children are inadequately socialised and therefore lack the 'right' culture needed for educational achievement. |
| Material deprivation | A lack of basic necessities needed for educational deprivation such as not being able to afford pens, laptops, books, etc. |
| Cultural Capital | The knowledge, attitudes, values, language, tastes and abilities that the middle class pass onto their children (Bourdieu). |
| Restricted Code | A form of speech code typically associated with the working class. Limited vocabulary, grammatically simple sentences and speech is predictable (Bernstein). |
| Elaborated Code | Typically used by the upper classes. Wider vocabulary, more complex and grammatically correct sentences and speech is more varied and can involve abstract ideas. |
| Labelling | To label someone is to attach a meaning or definition to them. For example, a teacher may label a student as an underachiever. |
| Howard Becker (1971) | Found that teachers judged pupils according to how closely they fitted an image of the ideal pupil. |
| Self-fulfilling prophecy | The self-fulfilling prophecy is a prediction that comes true. Interactionists argue that labelling can affect pupil's achievement. |
| Pupil subculture | A pupil subculture is a group of pupils who share similar values and behaviour. |
| Streaming | Streaming involves separating children into different ability groups or classes called 'Streams'. |
| Funding Formula | Gives a school the same amount of funds for each pupil. |
| Exam league tables | Ranks each school according to its exam performance and make no allowance for the level of ability of its pupils. |
| Ethnocentric | An attitude or policy that gives priority to the culture and viewpoint of one particular ethnic group while disregarding others. |
| External factors for differences in gender achievement | 1. Impact of feminism 2. Changes in the family 3. Changes in women's employment 4. Girls' changing perceptions and ambitions |
| Internal factors for differences in gender achievement | 1. Equal opportunities policies 2. Positive role models in schools 3. GCSE's/coursework 4. Teacher attention and classroom interaction |
| Meritocracy | An educational or social system where everyone has an equal opportunity to succeed and where individuals' rewards and status are achieved by their own efforts. |
| Myth of Meritocracy | Functionalists argue that the education system is meritocratic but Marxists Bowles and Gintis claim that meritocracy is an ideology legitimating inequality by falsely claiming that everyone has equal opportunities. |
| Tripartite system | 1944 Education Act introduced the tripartite system. Grammar schools/Secondary moderns/Tertiary. |
| Comprehensive system | 1965 onwards. Streaming and Labelling. |
| Marketisation | 1988 Education Reform Act. 1. The reproduction of inequality 2. Exam league tables 3. Funding Formula 4.Myth of parentocracy |
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