Flashcards
Energy Case Studies
Cards in this deck (31)
- 1UK Energy Mix•Reliant on fossil fuels - 89%
•Very little use of HEP
•Nuclear energy - 9%, MEDC and can afford the technology
•Reliant on other countries - net importer
•Renewable 2%
•Majority of the transport uses oil
•Trying to become more efficient eg. Bedzed
•Energy secure
•Gas 38%
•Fracking is in question - 2Brazil Energy Mix•HEP 77%
•Renwables overall 84%
•Energy poverty, often have blackouts
•Biofuels are used in transport
•Production of energy is increasing rapidly
•Increasing demand for electricity - Industrialisation, increased standard of living, increased population
•Pottential for solar
•Flexfuel cars
•Apprpriate technology - 3Both Uk and Brazil•Pottential for wind energy
•Coastlines give the possibility for tidal and wave power
•Diverse energy mixes
•Oil important for both energy mixes - 4Fuel Wood - Brazil Environmental impacts of energy production•65 Million tonnes of wood burnt per year
•The same as 180 million barrels of oil
•13.3% of Brazils primary energy use
•Deforestation - unsustainable
•Requires vast amounts of land - 5Effects•Carbon is released when burning the wood which adds to Global warming
•Habitats are destroyed, causing animals to migrate or become extinct
•Soil becomes infertile so replanting cannot take place
•Soil erosion
•Not enough resources remain causing an energy crisis
•Land turns to desert since the soil is blown away by wind - 6Appropriate Technology - Brazil•Everytime you cut down a tree you replant one
•HEP - Microhydro dams
•Portable light kits - LED lights
•Transportable light panels
•Bottle lights - water and bleach, 40/60W
•Fuel efficient stoves - made from local materials and use less coal and wood
•Ceara State action
•Solar energy farm in Taua, Ceara State
•Single Solar panels in Morro dos Macaros Slums, RIo de Janeiro
•Juventale solar - trained young local volunteers - 7Bedzed - Sustainable Homes
- 8Location•Wallington, England
•South London
•100 Houses
•5 Minute walk from train station
•15 Minute walk from tram station - 9Transport•Cars are discouraged, so there is limited parking
•Tram link and train
•127 bus route
•40 Electric car charging points
•'Green transport plan' Encourage walking, public transport and cycling
•Zedcars - car sharing scheme
•Bike storage - 10Energy•Use energy tracking smart meters
•Low energy appliances, majority are A rating
•Energy efficient light bulbs
•Solar panels are used to power the electric car charging unit
•3 Gas condensing boilers to heat the site
•777m2 Solar panels
•Producing enough renewable energy that is needed, and the excess goes to the national grid - 11Building•Brownfield sites - used to be a sewer site
•Close to schools
•Local material from no more than 35 miles away
•Reclaimed and recycled material
•300mm Insulation between bricks for heat
•Wind Cowell ventilation
•Private gardens
•High thermal mass to regulate heat
•South facing sunspace
•Tripple glazing
•Natural daylight
•Composting areas
•Water butts to collect water to be reused
•Appliances recycle water where possible - 12Success•Space heating was 88% less
•Hot water consumption is 57% less
•Electrical power was 25% less that UK average, 11% produced by solar panels
•Water consumption is reduced by 50%
•Car mileage is 67% less - 13BP
- 14Facts•October 2007, 200 gallons of methanol was spilled onto a frozen tundra pond
•In 2005 one of bps refiners in texas blew up, causing 15 deaths, maintenance had been cut to save money
•BP owns 17 refiners around the world
•BP sponsors uni programmes by going in and teaching students about energy to inspire them
•BP fuels motor oils at airports and service stations to keep the world in motion
•Between '97 and '98, they were responsible for 108 oil spills
•'07 BP announced they were to spend $8 billion on research for other fuels - 15Production•'05 exploration sites 26 countries in locations such as Alaska and Angola
•Raw form of crude oil is useless so they refine it to motor oils and gasoline
•Before drilling into the soil or seabed, they use 3d photography and sound waves to assess the shape and consistency of the oil
•COnstruction of Baku pipeline was during breeding time so they used satellite transmitters to track the animals
•Sales were $375+ (2011) Million which is greater than some LEDCS - 16Distribution•Constructing a deepwater pipeline in the gulf of Mexico, 700KM long and 2KM underground
•One pipeline stretches 1700KM from the Caspian sea to the Mediterranean
•100 large tankers and ships transport their oil across the world - 17Effects•Employs 83000 people
•Training programmes in LEDC to help involve poorer people
•Daaging to the endangered turtles which they built the Baku pipeline near
•The rig may explode causing deaths to humans and animals eg. Deepwater Horizon - 18BP Oil spill, Deepwater Horizon - Oil spill case study
- 19Facts•April 20th 2010 BP oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico exploded
•4.8 million barrels of oil was released into the ocean
•OIl slick covered 130 miles of the sea and was 8 inches thick - 20Causes•The oil rig exploded, causing many explosions after another
•Blowout preventer failed however BP didn't fix it they just shut it down
•The cement job wasn't safe however they ignored the advice to fix it
•Process was always unsafe, ad was 'inevitable' - 21Environmental Effects•In Louisiana, shrimping was banned
•6100 birds including pelicans were killed
•609 turtles died
•100 dolphins died
•Convered sea with an 8inch thick layer of oil so fish found it hard to breathe
•Shriimp, Oysters and lobsters were unfishable due to their poor health
•Coral was destroyed and swept up on shore
•Occured during breeding season so many eggs died
Over 8000 animals reported dead
•Fishs gills were filled with oil - 22Social effects•Louisiana fish businesses were closed causing many people to lose money with local businesses
•In explosions 11 died and 17 were injured
•Tourism businesses on the coasts lost $22 million - 23BP Effects•Share price halved
•Baf global publicity
•$20 billion paid to clear up
•High compensation fees
•35000 gallons of oil leaked out every day, losing money
•Sued millions with 104 lawsuits - 24Clean up•Plastic booms were placed to block the movement of oil
•Spent $1.7 billion hiring cleaners
•Built a sand wall
•Chemicals were added to the sea to disperse the oil and water
•Some bacteria had already ate some of the oil - 25Russia and Ukraine
- 26Facts•80% natural gas for Europe goes through the Ukraine pipeline
•Gazprom provides 25% of Europes natural gas
•UK gets 4% of gas from Russia - 27Gazprom Influences•'04 - Ukraine changed its supply
•'06 - Russia and Ukraine failed to meet an agreement since Russia quadruples its prices so Ukraine's as supply was turned off, it was turned back on 3 days later
•'08 - Russia cut Ukraine's gas again due to debts
•'09 - Russia cut Ukraine's supply since they wouldn't pay but continued to supply to the rest of Europe, 1 week later the whole of Europes supply was cut
•10 - Putin agreed to charge the EU's standard fee, giving a 20% discount to Ukraine - 28Europes energy security
- 29Dependency•Trying to reduce its dependency on Russia
•When Gazprom stopped supplying Ukraine, Europes flow of gas fell by 40% - 30Changes•New Nord Stream pipeline to bypass the Ukraine
•EU are planning their own pipeline from the Caspian Sea
•South Caucasus Pipeline from turkey will bring gas also
•Europe is looking for more renewable energy - 31South Stream Pipeline•Proposed by Gazprom
•Aims to deliver gas to Europe from Asia
•Will rival Europes Nabucco Pipeline
•europe believe that Russia are going to use it as a political power to outcompete the Nabucco pipeline
Information
- Description
- A-Level Geography (Energy ) Flashcards on Energy Case Studies, created by Isobel Wagner on 28/04/2015.
- Created by
- Isobel Wagner
- Views
- 16
- Rating