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Flashcards

L3 histo- CT proper

Reagan McCrary English 67 cards

Cards in this deck (67)

  1. 1What are the two main types of CT?1. CT proper
    2. CT specialized
  2. 2What does CT-specialized include?1. Cartilage
    2. Bone
    3. Blood
  3. 3What are the types of CT proper?1. Loose CT
    2. Dense CT
    3. Reticular tissue
    4. adipose tissue
  4. 4What is loose CT?Areolar CT; always irregular
  5. 5What is dense CT?1. Dense irregular- always collagenous
    2. Dense regular- collagenous tendons/ligaments; elastic ligaments
  6. 6What is reticular tissue?reticular fiber dominant
  7. 7What is adipose tissue?Fat tissue; white or brown
  8. 8What are all CTs differentiated from?mesenchymal connective tissue (mesenchyma)- an undifferentiated embryonic CT
  9. 9What is CT-proper composed of?.
  10. 10What is the most important and long living CT cell?Fibroblast
  11. 11What is the shape and location of fibroblasts?Spindle/fusiform shaped cells found among fibers with elongated nucleus
  12. 12What are the functions of fibroblasts?1. Make CT fibers (collagen, reticular and elastic fibers) and ground substances
    2. Proliferate in wound healing process, making scar tissues
  13. 13What are fibroblasts called when inactive? What is the difference in staining?Fibrocytes; fibrocytes have a dark nucleus stain while fibroblasts stain lighter
  14. 14What organelles are abundant in fibroblasts?rER and golgi apparatus- lots of protein made; an ultrastructural feature of secretory cells
  15. 15What are two forms of adipocytes1. Unilocular- white adipocytes
    2. multilocular- brown adipocytes
  16. 16Describe unilocular adipocytes/ white adipocytes- single large fat (lipid) droplet in cytoplasm
    - fat (lipid) droplets are NOT membrane bound
  17. 17Describe multilocular adipocytes/ brown adipocytes- multiple small fat (lipid) droplets in cytoplasm
    - mitochondria content high
  18. 18What are macrophages?- also called histiocytes
    - examples- Kupffer cells in liver; microglial cells in brain
  19. 19What are macrophages derived from?monocytes in the blood
  20. 20What are functions of mastocytes?1. The phagocytes performing cleanup work in tissue
    2. Extremely important in inflammatory response
  21. 21What are features of macrophages?- have abundant foamy cytoplasm under optical microscope
    - contain many lysosomes in cytoplasm under TEM
  22. 22Describe mast cells/mastocytes- contain many secretory granules which contain heparin and histamine, and leukocyte attractants
    - often distributed along blood vessels
    - granules are basophilic and similar to that in the basophils of blood
  23. 23What are mastocytes extremely important in?allergic reaction and inflammation
  24. 24What happens when a mastocyte cell is stained?Metachromatic- the granule is stained a different color than the nucleus
  25. 25Describe metachromatic staininghas the capacity to stain the element of a cell or matrix a different color from that of the dye solution (eg toluidine blue, a blue dye that stains heparin containing granules of mastocytes purple red)
  26. 26What are transient/mobile cells?- they are the leukocytes (granule cells, lymphocytes, monocytes) from the blood
    - "come and go"; not much in normal CT, but become abundant during inflammation
  27. 27What are plasma cells?"Activated" B lymphocytes to secrete large amounts of antibodies
  28. 28What is the characteristic appearance of plasma cells?"Clock face"- inactive heterochromatin in nucleus. The most abundant rER and golgi apparatus in cytoplasm
  29. 29Where are plasma cells very numerous?mucosa CT of the gut
  30. 30What are mesenchymal cells?They are the stem cells in CT and have the potential to differentiate into nearly all CT cells
  31. 31What stage of life are mesenchymal cells present in?Very rare in adult tissue, but abundant in embryonic tissue
  32. 32What is the appearance of mesenchymal cells?Star shaped or fusiform
  33. 33What are the three types of CT fibers?1. Collagen fibers
    2. Reticular fibers (a subtype of collagen fibers)
    3. Elastic fibers
  34. 34What is the appearance of collagen fibers? During staining?- white color in fresh tissue
    - acidophilic/eosinophilic so stained red or pink in H&E
  35. 35What is the function of collagen?High tensile strength
  36. 36What are collagen fibers made of?Collagen- most abundant protein in animals
  37. 37Describe the different types of collagenType I: most perdominant fiber in proper CT (90%), white, flexible, adapts easily- skin, bone, tendon
    Type II: in cartilage
    Type III: reticular fibers (thinner than TI)
    Types IV and VII: framework of basal lamina
  38. 38Which collagens are fibril-forming and what does that mean?TYpes I, II, III... assembles into small fibrils which have a typical cross-striation appearance under TEM as "banded" collagen fibers
  39. 39What makes collagen?Fibroblasts
  40. 40What are functions of reticular fibers?1. Form a delicate support network for highly cellular tissues (lymphoid nodes, spleen, bone marrow, liver)
    2. Help to anchor vessels and nerve fibers
  41. 41What are reticular fibers composed of?loosely packed banded individual fibrils made by type III collagen
  42. 42What is the appearance of reticular fibers? When stained?- associated with blood and lymphatic vessels- extremely thin- too thin to be visible under routine H&E staining
    - able to be stained black by silver staining- thus called agrylophilic fibers
  43. 43What is the principle of silver impregnation?- staining to visualize reticular fibers
    - reticular fibers are agrylophilic= have high affinity for silver salts (Ag+)
    - The binding Ag+ can be converted to metallic Ag which is deposited and appears dark brown or black deposits
  44. 44What is the function of Elastic fibers?Add the resiliency to CT with springiness elasticity
  45. 45What is the appearance of elastic fibers?- yellow in fresh tissue
    - usually thinner in diameter than collagen fibers
  46. 46By what and where are elastic fibers produced?By fibroblasts in CT or smooth muscle cells in the wall of blood vessels
  47. 47What type of stain is needed for elastic fibers?Needs a special elastin staining (for example Verhoeff) because small elastic fibers are not typically seen on H&E
  48. 48What structures are stained in Verhoeff?1. elastic fibers- dark black by iron-hematoxylin
    2. Collagen fibers- pink/red by acidic fuchsin
  49. 49What is elastic fibers made of?-chemically different than collagen fiber so not collagens
    - microfibrils + elastin (amorphous elastic protein)
  50. 50Classify CT based on fiber packing1. Loose- fewer fibers
    2. Dense- more fibers
  51. 51Classify CT based on fiber orientation1. Regular- paralleled
    2. Irregular- various directions
  52. 52Classify CT based on fiber type1. Collagen
    2. Elastic
    3. Reticular
  53. 53Describe loose (areolar) CT- all 3 fibers are lowly present and loosely arranged (lots of space between fibers= areolar)
    - Contain lots of CT cells, very cellular
  54. 54Where can loose (areolar) CT be found?In dermal papilla of skin, also as internal scaffolding of some organs, for example, the cores of villi of small intestine
  55. 55Is loose (areolar) CT regular or irregular?Always irregular
  56. 56Describe dense irregular CT- many collagen fibers are densely packed
    - collagen fibers are arranged in all different directions and cut in various planes
    - fewer CT cells than in loose CT
  57. 57Where is dense irregular CT found?in deep dermis of skin, non-lactating breasts, organ capsules
  58. 58Describe dense regular CT- many collagen fibers are densely packed
    - collagen fibers and fibroblasts are arranged in a regular paralleled direction
    - CT cells are also fewer than in loose CT, but may be a little more than dense irregular CT
  59. 59Where is dense regular CT found?In collagenous tendons and elastic ligaments (eg nuchal ligament and yellow ligament)
  60. 60What is the dominant CT fiber of elastic ligaments?Elastic fibers
  61. 61Describe the nuchal ligamentHere, elastic fibers predominate, form paralleled strand and their size is very large, can be confused with collagen fibers and muscle fibers in H&E staining, special staining can differentiate them from each other (Masson staining)
  62. 62What is the example of dense regular CT as the form in the wall of large blood vessels?Elastic lamina/lamellae/membrane
  63. 63What are examples of reticular CTreticular fiber predominated tissues- hematopoietic tissue, lympoid tissue
  64. 64How is reticular CT stained?silver impregnation- argyrophilic
  65. 65What is the function of white/unilocular adipose tissue?Energy storage/ shock protection
  66. 66What is the function of brown/ multilocular adipose tissue?Generate heat
  67. 67What gives brown adipose tissue its color?Mitochondria and blood vessels

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Flashcards on L3 histo- CT proper, created by Reagan McCrary on 01/10/2020.
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Reagan McCrary
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