DM Medications

Question	Answer
Name a biguanide.	Metformin
3 main actions of biguanides	Inhibits hepatic glucose production. Increases peripheral uptake of glucose Increases insulin sensitivity
Most serious SE of metformin	lactic acidosis
Most COMMON SEs of metformin	GI disturbances (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, flatulence etc...). B12 depletion.
MOA of sulphonylureas	Closes K+ channels causing insulin release
Do sulphonylureas cause hypoglycemia?	YES
MOA of thiazolidinediones	Binds to PPAR-y receptors which regulates CHO & lipid metabolism. Increases insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue.
What is a requirement for use of hypoglycemic agents?	A pancreas that is capable of secreting insulin.
Name a Sulphonylurea.	Glibenclamide
Name a thiazolidinedione.	Pioglitazone
Effects of sulphonylureas	Stimulates B-cell Insulin secretion. Increases insulin receptors on target cells. Inhibits gluconeogenesis
Effects of Biguanides	Inhibition of hepatic glucose production. Increase Insulin Snsitivty Increase periph uptake of glucose.
Can biguanides cause hypoglycemia?	NO
2 elements of DKA	Deficiency of insulin & increased counter-regulatory hormones
Acute complications of DM	Hypoglycemia. Diabetic Ketoacidosis.
Chronic complications of DM	Microvascular and macrovascular disease. Neuropathies. Infections. Chronic hyperglycemia.
Macrovascular diseases?	CAD. CVD.
Microvascular diseases?	Retinopathy. Nephropathy.

Resource summary

	Created by Mark George about 13 years ago