Flashcards

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mcdanlyd000 English 100 cards

Cards in this deck (100)

1AmendmentA small change in a document.
2AssimilateTo take in or understand fully
3BiasPrejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.
4BicameralHaving two branches or chambers
5BlockadeAn act or means of sealing off a place to prevent goods or people from leaving or entering
6BoomtownA town undergoing rapid growth due to sudden prosperity
7CapitalismAn economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.
8Captain of IndustryIngenous and industrious leaders who transformed the American economy with their business skills
-Praised for skills as well as giving to charities
9Checks and BalancesEach branch of the Government has some sort of influence over the other branches and may choose to block procedures of the other branches
10CongressNational Legislative body of a country
System that runs the country
11Due Process of LawGrantees the citizens rights and fair treatment through the judicial branch
12EconomicsBranch of social sciences that deals with the production and distribution of goods and services
13EmancipatedTo free or break from bondage
14EnfranchiseGive the right to vote
15EnumerateTo list one by one
16FederalismThe system of Government
17Forty-NinerA person in the California gold rush of 1849
18Free EnterpriseA system in which a private business works freely and in competition with other businesses
19Habeas CorpusA law preventing a person under arrest to be seen before a judge in court
20IndustryProcessing of raw materials and manufacturing of goods in factories
21JudicialOf, by or appropriate to a court or a judge
22Ku Klux KlanA secret organization in the south that was started after the civil war by many veterans that were responsible for many violent actions to newly freed blacks
A terrorist group
23Manifest Destiny19th century belief that stated the expansion of the U.S was justified and unavoidable
24MartyrA person who is killed for their beliefs
25MonopolyControlling the supply or trade in a business or service.
26NomadicMoving around a lot
27OverrideUsing a persons power to reject or cancel.
28Popular SovereigntyGovernment that is established by the peoples consent, who are the sources power, through electing representatives.
29RatifyGive consent to make official
30RadicalExtreme
31RepublicanismGoverning a society where the leader is a representative, elected by the people who have the right to popular sovereignty.
32Robber BaronPeople in the late 1800s, early 1900s that became wealthy off of unethical means
Not caring about other people, just about themselves making money
33RuralPeople living in the country
34Separation of PowersThe system of branches, executive, legislative, and judicial, of the government
35Social DarwinismTo study the society, specifically a theory that groups or individuals achieve advantages over others, making competition.
36SuffrageThe right of voting
37Supreme CourtThe highest judicial court in a country or state
38TariffA list or table showing the duties imposed by a government on imports or exports
39Taxation Without RepresentationA government imposing taxes without having the citizens consent or a representative to hear their complaints
40Trade UnionOrganized accociation of workers formed to protect their rights
41UrbanCharacteristics of a city or a town
42VetoConstitutional right to reject a decision or proposal made by the law-making body of the government
43Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson was the author of the declaration of Independence, secretary of state and he was the 3rd president of the United States. He bought the Louisiana Purchase that gave us most our land today. He was very important for our country's formation.
44Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson was the 7th president of the united states. He was a very good military leader in the war of 1812. Also, he was the leader of the zTrail of Tears that resulted in thousands of indians dying.
45SacagaweaSacagawea was an indian who was captured at age 12 and sold to a French man who made her his wife. She was invited to join the Lewis and Clark expedition as an interpreter
46James PolkJames K. Polk was the 11th president of the United States. He was very important because he acquired the California, Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming and New Mexico Territories from Mexico after the Mexican- American War. He also signed the Oregon Treaty which gave him control of land such as Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana and parts of Wyoming.
47Frederick DouglassFrederick Douglass was born a slave. He escaped slavery with the help of friends around him. Later, he wrote and spoke about his experiences and tried to stop slavery the best he could. He changed a lot of peoples opinions and changed our society today.
48JamestownJamestown was the first colony for the British Empire. It did not last long because the hunger and starvation was very high during the later years of the town.
49Harriet Beecher StoweHarriet Beecher Stowe was a women abolitionist that wrote about slavery to help stop it. She wrote a very famous book called Uncle Tom's Cabin. She changed a lot of peoples views on slavery and was very important in our society today.
50John BrownJohn Brown led many attacks on pro- slavery residents. He was a radical abolitionists and many saw him as a hero. A very famous raid was Harper's Ferry. He was captured there and later hung. He inspired many anti-slavery people around the world and still does today.
51Robert E. LeeLee was a confederate general in the civil war. He was the highest ranked officer in their army. He was a very good military leader and he was the one who surrendered at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865, which ended the war.
52Andrew JohnsonAndrew Johnson was the 17th president of the United States, after Abraham Lincoln was assassinated. He was not liked by a lot of people because he was pro-slavery. He did everything he could so that slavery could thrive. He was almost impeached but it was almost the end of his terms so he stayed in office.
53Susan B. AnthonySusan B. Anthony was one of the leading forces of the women's suffrage movement. She devoted her life to fighting for peoples equality. Many people looked up to her as a hero and followed in her footsteps.
54Sitting BullSitting Bull was a Native American trie chief. He led many attacks while trying to fight for his land and survival. A very famous battle he led was the Battle of Little Bighorn. Later, he was arrested and shot because the Americans feared that the Ghost Dance movement was for restoring the Sioux way of life.
55George CusterGeorge Custer was a United States Army Officer and a cavalry commander in the Civil War. He helped General Lee end the Civil War at Appomattox Court House and he fought ini the Battle of Little Bighorn. There, him and all of his men were killed.
56Cornelius VanderbiltVanderbilt was one of the wealthiest americans in the 19th century. He eventually was one of the largest steamship operators. He also used railroad systems to get his wealth. He bought a lot of business's out and that helped him out a lot. When he died he was worth more than $100 million.
57John RockefellerRockefeller was a very successful businessman who used trusts and bought other companies out as his way of making money. He was in the oil business and he was the name on all oil around the country. Before he died, he donated about $500 million all together and he lived a very successful life.
58Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie was an industrialist who made his money off of steel. While working in the railroad business, he invested in other things such as iron and oil companies. By the end of his career he gave away more than $350 million to the society.
59PlymouthPlymouth, Massachusetts is where a lot of English set off to lad in 1620 to seek religious freedom. The people colonized Plymouth and made it into their own town. They built houses and lived there for a long time. The people met an Indian tribe, the Wampanoag, that helped them survive through the winter. They became good friends and helped each other out a lot.
60Lexington and ConcordLexington and Concord was the first battle of the Revolutionary War. Hundreds of British troops marched to Boston and Paul Revere alarmed everybody that they were coming. Many battles followed it but the colonies eventually won their independence.
61Erie CanalIn the late 1800's and early 1900's there was no railroad transportation so they had the idea of water transportation. It was much faster than carts and it transported goods from the East (New York) to the West (Great Lakes). It was the most effective way to transport bulk goods because there was no other options.
62The AlamoDuring the Mexican-American War a group of Texan soldiers were occupying the Alamo. The Mexicans later cam and tried to take down all of the Texans. The battle lasted for 13 days before the Mexicans outnumbered them and won the battle. Later, the Texans finally won their independence.
63Harper's FerryIn 1859, John Brown led a group of supporters to Harper's Ferry. He was hoping that other slaves that were trapped would join his raid. This battle did not last long before a confederate army showed up, killed many of the groups people and captured Brown. He was later charged with treason and hung for his crimes.
64Fort SumterThis battle is famous for being the first shots fired during the Civil War. The battle lasted for 34 hours and the Confederate army won the battle.
65GettysburgThe battle of Gettysburg lasted for 3 days. It was one of the most deadly battles in the civil war. It is very famous because after he war, President Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address there honoring gut soldiers. The union lost the battle but they are all still remembered today.
66Appomattox CourthouseOn April 9, 1865 Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant in VIrginia. This ended the 4 year long bloody war. The surrender was very classy and calm. They both treated each other very well. This is a very important part of our country's history.
67Ford's TheaterOn April 14, 1865 John Wilkes Booth assassinated President Abraham Lincoln. Booth was famous actor that was a performer at the theater. When he was shot, Booth jumped off the balcony and ran away on a horse. Later, he was cornered in a barn and was killed. Lee surrendered shortly after the assassination.
68Promontory Point, UtahThis is famous for being where the first Transcontinental Railroad was officially completed on May 10, 1869. This is the point where the two railroads meet at the middle. This was very important for transporting goods and for the revolution of our country.
69Ellis and Angel IslandThese two islands are famous for being the 2 immigration stations. Without them, there would not be as many citizens and our country wouldn't as developed. Angel Island is most common for immigrating people from China or Asian countries. Both could handle up to 2,500 immigrants a day.
70Declaration of Independencein 1776, five men including Thomas Jefferson, John Adams and Benjamin Franklin wrote a document which stated what all of the colonies wanted during the Revolutionary War. This document was signed on July 4, 1776, in Philadelphia and it is what gave our country our freedom.
71Revolutionary WarThis war was between the British and the American 13 colonies. The war started at Lexington and Concord. In 1778, France entered the war fighting with the colonists. America won their Independence even though the fighting didn't officially stop until 1783.
72Articles of ConfederationThe Articles of Confederation was the first constitution of the United States. The Government lacked on imposing taxes and keep everything neat and orderly so tho =s led to the Constitutional Convention. That convention was to make new federal laws for our country.
73Great CompromiseThis was an agreement that each state would have an equal number of representatives. This was necessary because before the compromise, everything was very hectic, unfair and not orderly.
74Passing of the ConstitutionThe Constitution guaranteed basic rights for citizens. It was signed on September 17, 1887 by people attending the Constitutional Convention. It was the second constitution written because the first one didn't work out. This was very important because it developed our country into what it is today and we still use it in our society every single day.
75Adding the Bill of RightsThe first 10 amendments to the United States of America are known as the Bill of Rights. They were passed on September 35, 1789 and ratified on December 15, 1791.
1: Freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition and religion
2: Right to bare arms
3: Quartering od soldiers
4: Search and arrest rights
5: Right to criminal cases
6: Right to a fair trial
7: Right in civil cases
8: Bail, fies and punishment rights
9: Rights retained by the people
10: States' rights
76Louisiana PurchaseIn 1803, the United States bought about 828 million square miles of land from France. It stretched from the Mississippi river to the Rocky Mountains. This land makes up for almost 2/3 of our country today. Thomas is responsible for the purchase and it is considered one if his most important achievements.
77Missouri CompromiseIn 1819 and 1820 the country was disputing between slavery and non- slavery. The Missouri Compromise had 2 parts to it. It admitted Maine as a free state. Also, it made an imaginary line across the Louisiana Purchase dividing free and slave regions of the country.
78Indian Removal ActOn May 28, 1830, Andrew Jackson passed the Indian Removal Act. It made it so all Indians in Southern United States had to move west of the Missouri River and give up all of their land. Many people died on the march there. Some tried to fight back but it didn't really mean much. It was not a very good time in our history.
79Mexican- American WarIn 1846- 1848, a war went on between the Mexicans and the Americans under the presidency of James K. Polk who was determined on Manifest Destiny. The fighting started at Rio Grande and a lot of U.S. victories followed. When the war ended, Mexico lost a lot of its land including California, Utah, Nevada, Arizona and New Mexico.
80California Gold RushIn Sacramento Valley, the discovery of gold started the Gold Rush. The news spread quickly and thousands of people traveled to San Francisco. California's population sky- rocketed and a total of 2 billion dollars was from all the gold that was a mined.
81Homestead ActPresident Lincoln signed a law on May 20, 1862 that encouraged people to move West. There was 160 acres of public land to pick for yourself. Homesteaders had to pay a small fee and had to live there for at lease five years before they could officially own it.
82Industrial RevolutionThe time period between the 1760's to about the 1830's. This was the major transition to better technology, better transportation and better equipment overall. It was a major step up in our country's history.
83Underground RailroadThe underground railroad was a network of safe houses that slaves could go to while trying to escape. The owners were people who tried helping escape from bondage. These houses were leading to Canada where the slaves could finally be free.
84Seneca Falls ConventionA woman's- rights convention was held for the first time ever in the United States in Seneca Falls, New York. It consisted of almost 200 women. This made a big statement in a lot of the country's opinions. It changed the way women live their lives today.
85Compromise of 1850The compromise of 1850 stated that California was going to be admitted as a free state, Utah and Nevada the choice of deciding on free or slave.It also, settled the Texas- New Mexico foundry, it ended slave trade in Washington D.C. and it made it easy for southern salve owners to recover fugitive slaves.
86Kansas- Nebraska ActThe kansas Nebraska Act stated that the people could decide about slavery. It gave them "popular sovereignty". Because this was passed, it led to many violent battles such as Bleeding Kansas.
87Dred Scott vs. SanfordDred Scott was a slave that moved to Missouri, which was now a free state, and demanded his freedom. He went to court suing he should be a free man but they basically laughed in his face. They said it was unconstitutional and that he would continue to be a slave for the rest of his life.
88Fugitive Slave ActThe fugitive slave act allowed runaway slaves to be captured and returned to their owners within the territory of the U.S. People were willing to pay a lot of money for their slaves to be returned to them. It made it a lot harder for slaves to run away from their plantations due to this act.
89Bleeding KansasThe Kansas- Nebraska Act persuaded a lot of people to come to Kansas and influence the pro-slavery or slavery decision. A lot of violence came from this because both sides wanted to gain control. John Brown was a very bog influence on the peoples violence and their opinions.
90Civil WarThe civil war started in 1861 and ended in 1865. It is known as America's bloodiest war and it decided who won independence, the Union or the Confederates. Over 600,000 soldiers died during the war, by far the most of all wars fought. The union won the battle, which abolished slavey in our country for good.
91Emancipation ProclamationOn January 1, 1863 president Abraham Lincoln passed the Emancipation Proclamation that all people held as slaves are now and forever free. This was signed as the country was approaching the 3rd year of the Civil War.
92Civil War draft riotsDuring the Civil War, Congress made a law that made all men between 25 and 45 are able to fight in the military. When the government tried to enforce this, it started a lot of violence and a lot of destructiveness in the city. The most the city has ever seen in history.
93Gettysburg AddressAfter the Battle of Gettysburg, one of the bloodiest battles of the war, Abraham was invited to say a speech in honor of the soldiers. It was on of the most important speeches of all time and it is still remembered today all the time. It gave a lot of people hope during that time.
94ReconstructionThe time period following the Civil War that the Government would allow the crazy southern states back into the Union. This would make our country into what it is today.
95Civil War Amendments (13th, 14th, 15th)13th: abolished slavery for good. It was passed in 1865
14th: provided equal citizenship and protection to african americans. It was passed in 1868
15th: allowed african americans the right to vote. It was passed in 1870
96Completion of the Transcontinental RailroadOn May 10, 1869, the first transcontinental railroad was finished in Utah. This made railroad transportation possible for the first time in American history. People wouldn't have to travel dangerously by wagon anymore and it would make it so much faster to transport goods.
97Indian WarsIndian and American Wars started because the white settlers were trying to colonize on their land and kick them out. The Indians fought back as much as they could, but they didn't really stand a chance. A few famous ones are Little Bighorn, Geronimo and Wounded Knee.
98Gilded AgeThe time period between the 1870's to about the 1900. It was an era of very fast economic growth. Lots of people knew how money was going to be spent and robber barons were a big problem. A few very rich men during this time are John Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie and J.P. Morgan. They knew how to make their money and they died as very rich men, the richest in history.
99Populist PartyThe populist party was formed by a group of farmers in the south, formed in Kansas, who were suffering from crop failure and not having enough money. They stood up against the Republicans and the Democrats so they could see what the farmers were actually going through.
100Plessy vs. FergusonThis was a court case involving segregation when an african- american refused to sit in a Jim Crow car. The court ruled that blacks didn't conflict the 13th and 14th amendments. A lot of racism went on after this, due to this court case which was not overturned until 1954 in Topeka, Kansas.