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Description
Flashcards by Zoe Emmett, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Zoe Emmett
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What had caused the grain procurement crisis of 1927? | -The scissors crisis - Agricultural prices had dropped to a level where it was not worth peasants selling it. - peasants were beginning to hoard grain again. - food shortages in the town coupled with a war scare in 1928. |
| Why did Stalin turn to collectivisation? | - Failures of NEP and food shortages - The capitalism that the NEP had instilled in agriculture had created kulaks which were against communist ideals -Stalin needed agriculture to release labour, capital and food in order to support his rapid industrialisation - it was another element of his planned command economy |
| What was collectivisation? | -It was a communist policy to initially encourage farmers to consolidate their land -This became compulsory and forced collectivsation in 1930. -Farmers would consolidate their land into kolkhoz or sovkhoz - the latter being state owned and run by wage earning peasants, the kolkhoz were run by a committee |
| Why collectivise? | - larger farms were thought to be more efficient and with new tractors this would increase further. - By mechanising farms could release labour -It would be far easier for the state to procure grain to feed the cities. -Collectivisation was socialist and was essential to building a socialist state - it would socialise the peasants. |
| Why collectivise by force? | -Grain procurement crisis had led to grain seizures and food shortages. -Meat and bread were being rationed - Industrialisation was a popular policy and therefore needed collectivisation to move fast. |
| How was collectivisation carried out? | - Force, terror and propaganda -The 25 thousanders were sent out into the countryside to encourage collectivisation. -dekulakisation was used as a means to demonise the NEP -deportation to gulags of anyone considered to be a kulak or who resisted collectivisation. -Huge Propaganda campaign encouraged peasants to inform on their neighbours and children to inform on their parents if they resisted. |
| How did the peasants react to collectivisation? | -Huge resistance to begin with -Riots that required armoured cars to break them up took place in some areas. -Peasants burned their crops and destroyed their livestock -Women's revolts were most effective- the army found it difficult to deal with all women revolts and they were extremely well organised |
| What effect did collectivisation have on the Agriculture and the peasants? | By Feb 1930 the party claimed that half of all peasant households had been collectivised....but at what cost? Agriculturally it was a disaster with some of the most skilled farmers having been shot or deported, grain wasn't being sown and livestock had been destroyed. |
| How did Stalin react to peasant unrest? | He halted collectivisation in 1930 following his piece of writing called "Dizzy with Success" where he blamed his officials who he had sent out to establish collectivisation. He continued with collectivisation again in 1931. |
| What major disaster hit agriculture in 1932? | Famine in the Ukraine and in other agricutural areas killing millions |
| What evidence do we have that collectivisation was a success? | - Economically a disaster - grain harvests did not reach 1928 levels until the late 1930s - However the state were able to procure enough to feed the cities and labour was released to the industries. - Huge human costs - as many as 10 million people died as a result. - For the party collectivisation was essential to modernising industry. - The party gained control over the peasants |
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