Flashcards
Leisure, Sport and Tourism
Cards in this deck (36)
- 1LeisureAny freely chosen activity or experience that takes place in non-work time.
- 2RecreationA leisure-time activity undertaken voluntarily and for enjoyment
- 3SportA physical activity involving events and competitions on a national and international scale with professional participants.
- 4TourismTravel away from home for at least one night for the purpose of leisure (excludes day trips, some of which may go international)
- 5Draw the leisure diagram
- 6What are the 3 major factors of tourism?Tourism demand, organisation of access by tour operators, supply of destination
- 7What are the 3 main reasons for increased growth of tourism?- Dual incomes and paid holidays -increased disposable income
- 8What is the name of this diagram and what does it show?The growth of global tourism: international arrivals by destination
- 9List modern improvements which have facilitated further growth of tourismThe Internet - research and booking operations
Credit cards - Advanced payment
Wide bodied jet planes
High speed trains
Cruise liners - 10What is the "pleasure periphery"?refers mainly to "Escape Locations" for vacationers from the mainland.
They are normally islands that are warmer and more exotic than the places in which people normally live, and to which they escape for pleasure and rest. - 11Primary tourist/recreational resourcesPre-existing attractions for tourism or recreation, including climate, scenery, wildlife, cultural, heritage sites and indigenous peoples
- 12Secondary tourist/recreational resourcesFacilities built for tourists; accommodation, catering, entertainment and shopping
- 13List some physical factors effecting sporting participation- Climate
- Location
-Altitude - 14List some economic factors influencing participation in sport-Economic wealth and the number of sports facilities
- Many facilities are created to benefit tourists rather then locals - 15- Give some reason why tourism/travel was difficult to achieve for much of historyDifficult (train times), expensive (only the rich could afford to go), uncomfortable (wooden benches for seats) and dangerous (no health and safety)
- 16- What are some reasons why more and more people have started to travel1. Social and economical advantages of the urban middle and working class
2. Paid holidays (people have time to plan trips as well as to be able to afford them)
3. Improvements in transport, lead to the potential for mass tourism
4. Improvements in facilities allow for organised backup systems and provision of infrastructure, such as; accommodation, transport, entertainment and retailing. - 17How have changes in communication and transport helped towards the growth of tourism- Jet airliners, increased passenger capacity and extended range (reduced journey times and costs)
- Internet, allows wider range of destinations and provides comfort (people can read about the location) - 18How does economical and political stability help influence the growth of tourism- Economical prosperity is generally rising (outsourcing to poorer areas of the world)
- Political security, people know where to invest their money (put money where they are more likely to win) - 19- List reason for the increase in growth1. Increased levels of education and better training (people feel more comfortable)
2. Increased understanding of foreign languages and customs
3. Travel procedures have become more efficient (credit cards)
4. Increasing use of computers
5. Improved telecommunications (easier to remain in touch with those at home)
6. Levels and rates of accommodation have been standardised - 20- Give some reasons why the growth of tourism has slowed in recent years1. Tightening airport security
2. Price of oil and jet fuel
3. Reduces disposable incomes (reduced job security)
4. Increased awareness of carbon expenditure - 21Why has international tourism been mainly dominated by western Europe- Established tradition of domestic tourism
- Mature and developed pattern of infrastructure
- Many natural and man-made attractions
- Large mobile population
- Wide range of climatic zones, for summer and winter tourism - 22List some factors affecting tourismThe natural landscape; Climate; Culture; Social; Economic (exchange rates); Political (terrorism); Sporting events
- 23Describe the stages of the Butlers model of evolutionExploration (small number of tourists); Involvement (local involvement); Development (Investment takes place); Consolidation (Locals become dependant on tourism); Stagnation (Local opposition); Decline (reduced popularity of an area)
- 24What are some cultural reasons affecting participation in sport?Muslim women, not allowed to show skin, so few become runners or athletes.
Those that do suffer from critics back home - 25Carrying capacityThe maximum number of people that a site can sustain - noise for an example
- 26Environmental carrying capacityThe maximum number of people before the local environment becomes damaged
- 27Perceptual carrying capacityThe maximum number of people before a specific group of people considers the level of impact
- 28What is eco tourism?The responsible development and management of tourism, with the aim of having the minimal amount of impact on the environment and local community.
- 29What conflicts arise from eco tourism- provision of tourist amenities and conservation of the landscape, plants and animals of the area
- Local people wish to use the resources for their own benefit rather then protecting then for the benefit of conservation - 30What is the multiplier effect?When an initial amount of spending leads to an increases spending by tourist and so results in an increase in national income greater than the initial amount of spending.
- 31Give some advantages of using tourism as a development strategy-creates jobs both directly and indirectly
-provides extra income for the country
-improvements to the infrastructure
-improved national relations
-new skills and technology
-positive multiplier effect - 32Give some disadvantages of using tourism as a development strategy-creates dependency on one industry
-Inflation
Pressure on services and infrastructure
-Worker exploitation
-Black market/ informal economy
-Economic leakage - 33Give some reasons for the change in recreational provisions in Urban AreasSpace (some activities require large amounts of space); Land value ( some activities will not be able to afford the higher land prices); Accessibility (some facilities require a higher threshold population to be offered)
- 34Describe the benefits of urban tourism-Created employment through regeneration of old buildings
-Labour intensive and produces the multiplier effect
-Improves infrastructure
-May help preserve aspects of the local culture - 35Describe the disadvantages of urban tourism-Jobs are poorly paid
-Councils spend money on tourist rather then locals
-Conflicts may arise between locals and tourists
-Increased tourism caused increased litter and traffic disrupting locals - 36Describe some solutions to the problems of urban tourism-Act to support cultural diversity and legacy
- Engage in activities that add value to the community
- Avoid activities that down grade the environment
- Patronize locally owned enterprises