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Description
Flashcards by Holly Bamford, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Holly Bamford
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| The god Asclepius | • Greek god of healing • He had two daughters, Panacea and Hygeia who assisted him with healing • He was worshiped at special temples called Acsclepions |
| Hippocrates | • Greek doctor, born in Cos around 460BC • Author of ‘Hippocratic Collection’ of medical texts • Originator of the ‘Hippocratic Oath’ and pioneer of ‘Four Humours’ theory |
| Galen | • Born in 129AD in Greece, but travelled round the Roman Empire & was doctor to the Emperor • Developed the ‘Theory of the Opposites’ from Four Humours • Demonstrated the brain controlled the body not the heart |
| Avicenna | • Also known as Ibn Sinna • Arab doctor, who lived from 980-1037 AD in Spain • Wrote a million-word textbook covering all aspects of medicine |
| Andreas Vesalius | • Born in Brussels in 1514 and studied medicine in Brussels and Italy, where he used artists drawing of dissections and published them in ‘Fabric of Human Body’ • His work was widely circulated due to the invention of printing • Challenged the ideas of Galen, e.g. over human jaw bone |
| Ambroise Paré | • Born in France in 1510 • Surgeon in Paris at Hotel Dieu and military surgeon • Treated wounds using turpentine and conducted amputations using ligatures |
| William Harvey | • Born in 1578 • Worked as royal doctor and lecturer in anatomy • Developed theory of circulation of blood and challenged Galen’s ideas on blood |
| Paracelsus | • Born in 1483 in Germany • Disagreed with Galen over Four Humours and thought disease attacks body from outside • Devised mineral remedies to help cure disease, e.g. mercury and arsenic |
| Edward Jenner | • Born in England in 1749 • Developed first vaccine for smallpox using cowpox • Faced much opposition to his ideas, e.g. from Royal Society although Parliament granted him £30,000 to set up a vaccination clinic in London |
| Elizabeth Garret-Anderson | • Born in 1836 • First woman doctor to qualify in 1865 and founded The New Hosiptal for Women in London • In 1876 a law was passed allowing women to enter medical professions |
| Florence Nightingale | • Born in 1820 • Worked as a nurse at the Scutari Hospital in the Crimea • Published ‘Notes on Nursing’ and founded 1st training school for nurses (1860) |
| Louis Pasteur | • Born in France 1822 • Author of ‘Germ Theory’, challenging the theory of ‘spontaneous generation’ and miasmas • Use of new technologies, e.g. Lister’s telescope helped him make his discoveries |
| Robert Koch | • Born in Germany in 1843 • Used teams of bacteriologists to identify the bacteria causing different diseases • Identified different bacteria using stains and cultivating them on Petri dishes |
| Ignaz Semmelweiss | • Hungarian doctor born in 1818 who worked in Austria • Insisted that doctors washed their hands after dissections to reduce cross-contamination with patients • Called doctors who didn’t wash their hands ‘murderers’ |
| Joseph Lister | • Born in England in 1827 • Influenced by Pasteur’s ‘Germ Theory’ and developed the carbolic spray • Unpopular with doctors due to unpleasant side-effects |
| Dr John Snow | • In 1854 he made the connection between outbreaks of cholera and infected water supply • Based his work on meticulous studies of Broad Street, London • Conducted house-to-house interviews and recorded findings on a map |
| Alexander Fleming | • Rediscovered the properties of the bacteria penicillin by chance in his laboratory at St Mary’s London in 1928 • Used penicillin to attack staphylococcus, a major cause of blood infections • Lacked the facilities to develop large quanitities |
| Florey and Chain | • Florey was born in Australia and Chain in Germany • Helped mass produce penicillin |
| William Beveridge | • Author of ‘Beveridge Report’ in 1942 • Proposed a free national health service • NHS eventually introduced in 1948 |
| Christian Barnard | • Pioneered the use of heart transplants in twentieth century • Used teams of surgeons and doctors sharing their expertise • New retroviral drugs used to ensure organs were not rejected by the body |
| Crick and Watson | • Helped with discovering the structue of DNA • Used large teams of scientists all over the world |
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