Flashcards
week 4: migration and Remittances
Cards in this deck (14)
- 1Causes, types and patterns of migrationlabor, forced, skilled, seasonal, internal, international
- 2Internal migrationseasonal, often in-land, rural to urban
- 3Migrants are:1. Agents of development
2. Easily exploited labor surplus (legal status, rights, discrimination) - 4Facts:1. Migration from developing countries dropped from 2007 - 2012 due to financial crisis
2. global international migration is estimated to be higher than international migration - 5Reasons for Migration1. Family
2. Free Movement
3. Work
4. Accompanying family for work
5. Humanitarian
6. Other - 6Hein de Haas 20071. Migration Pessimists
2. Migration Optimist
3. Contextual and Nuanced Approach - 7Migration Pessimists1. migration is synonmous with development failure: decline in economic activities
2. increases global inequalities
3. Brain Drain
4. remittances create dependency upon external resources and a disincentive to work, used for consumption. - 8Migration Optimists1. importance of migrant transnational ties and networks linked receiving and sending societies.
2. cooperation between individual migrants and their associations (local authorities, civil societies, NGOs, private sector, etc. in receiving and sending countries.
3. Migration contributes to financial remittances, knowledge and know-how to sending regions. - 9Contextual and Nuances Approach1. consumption and investment are not necessarily opposed
2. the specific political, economic and social circumstances in both the sending and receiving countries determine the potential for migration.
3. Migrants increasingly line in a transnational world
4. Bottom up approach: diaspora engagement
5. Need to look at both sides: Migrants and home based kin. - 10Financial Remittances1. registered remittances higher than aid and foreign investment
2. difficulty with measurement (informal remittances)
3. bottom up way of redistributing income and welfare between individuals and communities - but not amongst the poorest.
4. from traditional view of productine use of remittances to the importance of investment in everyday life.
5. constraints from both sides (e.g laws and transfer channels)
6. complexity of household level remittance use, decision making etc. - 11Remittance Uses1. Household expenses
2. Lifestage events
3. Housing (new and improvements)
4. goods and appliances
5. vehicles
6. farming
7. medical expenses
8. education of young family members - 12Social RemittancesLEVITT 1998: Transfer of norms, behaviors, ideas, social practices and identities to migrant 'home societies'.
- 13Social remittances continued1. Theoretically underdeveloped
2. process (starts prior to migration)
3. individual and collective
4. active role of remittances receivers
5. impact on financial remittances
6. give wider picture of the role of migration in social change. - 14Policy (DE HAAS 2007)1. international migration is on the policy agenda largely on the side of the destination country.
2. more emphasis on control from countries in the North than on policies of optimization of migration from the South.
3. There is emphasis on improving transfer channels, but not on less restrictive entry policies
4. need to adjust 'development logics' to the logics of the household
5. Integration is wrongly seen as incompatible with commitments towards countries of origin.
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- Flashcards on week 4: migration and Remittances, created by Elisa Toselli on 27/05/2015.
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- Elisa Toselli
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