Flashcards
ionisation energy and shells
Cards in this deck (47)
- 1What is ionisation energythe energy required to remove electrons from an atom to form a positive ion
- 2Define ionisation energyis the energy required to remove an electron from each atom in a mole of gaseous atoms to form a mole of 1+ gaseous ions
- 3what is the unit used for ionisation energieskjmol^-1
- 4how are electrons help in placeelectron are held in place by their attraction to the positive nucleus
- 5What must happen for a positive ion to be formedthe electrons attraction to the nucleus must be overcome
- 6What is the difference between electrons in the inner and outer shellsElectrons in the outer shells experience less attraction to the nucleus and therefore have a smaller ionisation energy and are removed first
- 7What three factors affect how much energy it takes to remove an electronatomic radius
nuclear charge
electron shielding - 8how does atomic radius affect the ability to remove an electronThe greater the atomic radius the less nuclear attraction experienced by outer shell electrons. The outer shell electrons are easier to remove
- 9How does nuclear charge affect the energy required to remove an electronThe greater the charge of the nucleus the more attraction the electrons have to it. The more attractive force experienced the harder it is to remove outer electrons and the higher the ionisation energy
- 10how does electron shielding affect the energy required to remove an electronInner shells of electrons repel the outer shell electrons. The more inner shells the greater the shielding effect. This causes less nuclear attraction to be experience by outer shell electrons and their ionisation energies are small
- 11What is successive ionisation energiesThe energy required to remove an electron in turn
- 12How many ionisation energies does an atom havean atom has as many ionisation energies as it has electrons
- 13Why does ionisation energy of electrons increase as more electrons are removedThe electrons experience less repulsion between electrons and the shells are drawn closer to the nucleus.
The distance of the electron for the nucleus decreases.
Nuclear attraction increase - 14Why do ionisation energies provide evidence for electrons in shellsSuccessive ionisation energies provide evidence for numerous shells because large increases in ionisation energies occurs only when an electron is being removed from a different shell than the electron prior. The leap in ionisation energy shows that the electron must be closer to the nucleus and experiencing less shielding and consequently in a different shell
- 15What symbol represents the principle quantum numbern
- 16define principle quantum numberis a number that represents the overall energy of each orbital. Principle quantum number increases the further the electrons are from the nucleus. The orbitals with the same principle quantum number are in the same energy level or shell.
- 17How can you calculate the number of electron in a shell2n^2
- 18What are atomic orbitalsRegions around the nucleus where electrons are found
- 19What are shells made up ofeach shell is made up or atomic orbitals
- 20how many electrons can each orbital hold2 electrons
- 21what happens to the orbital when it has two electrons in itthe orbital does not change shape but becomes more electron dense
- 22Define a shellis a group of atomic orbitals that have the same principle quantum number. (same energy level)
- 23What is the s orbitalSpherical shaped orbital
- 24what shells contain s orbitalsevery shell contains s orbitals
- 25if every shell contains one s orbital what does this meanthat every shell contains 2 s electrons
- 26what is the p orbitalthree dimensional dumb-bell shaped orbital
- 27what shells contain p orbitalseach shell from n=2 upwards contains three p orbitals
- 28if every shell n=2 and above contains three p orbitals what does this meanevery shell n=2 upwards contains 6 p electrons
- 29What shells contain the d orbitalsN=3 and above each contain 5 d orbitals
- 30if every shell contains 5 d orbitals what does this meanthat every shell contains 10 d electrons
- 31what shells contain f orbitalsevery shell n=4 and above contains 7 f orbitals
- 32if every shell n=4 and above contains 7 f orbitals what does this meanthat every shell contains 14 f electrons
- 33how do two electrons exist in the same orbital togetherboth the electrons in an orbital repel each other because they both have a negative charge. Electrons have a property called spin. Each electron in an orbital has an opposite spin
- 34what are atomic orbitals also referred to assub shells
- 35what are the maximum number of electron that can be found in n=12 electrons
- 36where are the electron in n=1 found2 electrons are found in 1s orbital
- 37what are the maximum electrons that can be found in n=28 electrons
- 38where are the electron in n=2 found2s2 2p6
- 39what is the maximum number of electrons that can be found in n=318 electrons
- 40where are the electron found in n=33s2 3p6 3d10
- 41what are the rules that should be abided when filling sub shellselectrons are added one at a time
the lowest available energy level is filled first
each energy level must be completely filled before the next can be - 42what happens to electrons the larger the principle quantum numberthe larger the principle quantum number the higher the energy level and the further the electron is from the nucleus
- 43What is the exception to the rule that all shells should be filled in the lower energy level before the successive energy levelThe 4s energy level is lower the the 3d energy level and 4s is filled before 3d
- 44What does the block in the periodic table the element is in indicate about the the elements structurethe block the element is in indicates the last sub shell in the configuration
- 45What does the outer shell determine about an elementthe outer shell is responsible for the chemical reactivity of a element.
- 46How can a sub shell configuration of an element be shortenedby using the the former noble gas and then adding the last sub shell
- 47When an ion is formed what happens to the electron shell configurationwhen a positive ion is formed electrons are removed from the highest energy orbital. When a negative ion is formed electrons are added to the highest energy orbital.
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- Flashcards on ionisation energy and shells , created by Jessica Scivier on 04/06/2015.
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