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Description
Flashcards by mouldybiscuit, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by mouldybiscuit
over 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Atoms | All substances are made out of atoms |
| How many atoms are naturally found on Earth? | 100 |
| Define: Elements | Substances made out of only one type of atom |
| Define: Symbol names | Letters used to represent elements in the periodic table. They are internationally recognised. |
| Define: Chemical names | Names given to elements however they are different in each language |
| What is the importance of having symbol names? | So that everyone can understand. A lot of scientific work is international. |
| Define: Groups | Columns in the periodic table in which elements with similar chemical properties are arranged. |
| Where are non-metals found on the periodic table? | right hand side of the 'staircase' (bold line dividing non-metals from metals) |
| Where are metals found on the periodic table? | left hand side of the 'staircase' (bold line dividing non-metals from metals) |
| Define: Compounds | Substances made up of two or more different atoms held together by chemical bonds. |
| What is an atom made up of? | A tiny nucleus in the centre and electrons surrounding it. |
| Define: Protons | Sub atomic particles charge: +1 relative atomic mass: 1 in the nucleus |
| Define: Neutrons | Sub atomic particles charge: 0 relative atomic mass: 1 in the nucleus |
| Define: Electrons | Sub atomic particles charge: -1 relative atomic mass: 0 or 1/200 in shells/ energy levels |
| Define: Atomic Mass | The number of protons/ electrons in an atom of an element |
| Define: Atomic Mass | Number of protons and neutrons found in the nucleus |
| Why does an atom have an overall neutral charge? | It contains equal numbers of protons and electrons. The positive and negative charges cancel out |
| How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom? | number of neutrons = atomic mass - atomic number |
| How are atoms arranged in the periodic table? | In order of their atomic number |
| Energy levels can hold up to how many electrons? | 2, 8, 8 |
| What is the electronic structure of carbon? | |
| Group number = ? | Number of electrons in the highest energy level/ outermost shell |
| Group 0 elements are...? | noble gasses stable full outermost shell unreactive also called Group 8 |
| What happens when metals and non-metals react? | Ionic bonding metals become positive ions non-metals become negative ions opposite charges attract strong forces of attraction (ionic bonds) form |
| What happens when non-metals react with each other? | Covalent bonding outermost shells overlap and share electrons each pair of shared electrons form a chemical bond form molecules |
| What does the chemical formula of an ionic compound tell us? | the ratio of each type of ion in the compound |
| What does the chemical formula of a molecule tell us? | The number of each type of atom in the molecule. |
| Define: Reactants | Substances that are made to react to each other in a chemical reaction to form products |
| Define: Products | Substances that are made in a chemical reaction |
| Which is better: symbol equations or word equations? Why? | SYMBOL EQUATIONS 1. internationally understood 2. tell us how much of each substance reacts 3. word equations can get very complicated when there are many chemicals |
| Whilst balancing equations, what do you need to remember? | The total mass of products formed in a reaction = the total mass of the reactants |
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