Flashcards
Flashcards Chapter 2
Cards in this deck (37)
- 1ACIDAny hydrogen-containing substance that is capable of donating a proton (hydrogen ion) to another substance.
- 2ACIDICSomething that has a pH bellow 7
- 3ANTIOXIDANTCompounds that inhibit oxidation
- 4ATOMSmallest unit into which matter can be divided without the release of electrically charged particles. It also is the smallest unit of matter that has the characteristic properties of a chemical element.
- 5ATOMIC NUCLEUSIs the small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom,
- 6ATOMIC NUMBERThe number of a chemical element in the periodic system, whereby the elements are arranged in order of increasing number of protons in the nucleus
- 7BASEAny substance which when dissolved into the water produces hydroxide ions
- 8BASICA substance that has a pH above 7
- 9BUFFERBuffers are aqueous solutions that resist changes in pH, or the acidity or basicity of a solution relative to other substances.
- 10CHEMICAL BONDIs a lasting attraction between atoms, ions or molecules that enables the formation of chemical compounds.
- 11COHESIONRefers to the attraction of molecules for other molecules of the same kind
- 12COVALENT BONDA covalent bond or molecular bond is a chemical link between two atoms where electron pairs are shared
- 13DISSOLVEBecome or cause to become incorporated into a liquid so as to form a solution
- 14ELECTRONAn elementary particle that is a fundamental constituent of matter, having a negative charge of 1.602 × 10−19 coulombs, and existing independently or as the component outside the nucleus of an atom.
- 15ELECTRON SHELLA grouping of electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom
- 16ELEMENTEach of more than one hundred substances that cannot be chemically interconverted or broken down into simpler substances and are primary constituents of matter.
- 17FREE RADICALAny molecular species capable of independent existence that contains an unpaired electron in an atomic orbital.
- 18HEAT OF VAPORIZATIONHeat absorbed when a liquid vaporizes
- 19HYDROGEN BONDA weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other.
- 20HYDROPHILICHaving a tendency to mix with, dissolve in, or be wetted by water.
- 21HYDROPHOBICTending to repel or fail to mix with water
- 22HYDROPHOBIC INTERACTIONDescribe the relations between water and nonpolar molecules and usually have a long chain of carbons that do not interact with water molecules.
- 23IONAny atom or group of atoms that bears one or more positive or negative electrical charges.
- 24IONIC BONDA type of linkage formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound
- 25ISOTOPEEach of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, and hence differ in relative atomic mass but not in chemical properties
- 26MASS NUMBERThe total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus
- 27MOLECULEA group of two or more atoms that form the smallest identifiable unit into which a pure substance can be divided and still retain the composition and chemical properties of that substance.
- 28NEUTRONa subatomic particle which has a neutral (not positive or negative) charge, and a mass slightly greater than that of a proton.
- 29NONPOLAR COVALENT BONDA bond between 2 nonmetal atoms that have the same electronegativity and therefore have equal sharing of the bonding electron pair.
- 30pH SCALEIs a scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
- 31POLAR COVALENT BONDA bond between 2 nonmetal atoms that have different electronegativities and therefore have unequal sharing of the bonding electron pair
- 32PROTONStable subatomic particle that has a positive charge equal in magnitude to a unit of electron charge and a rest mass of 1.67262 × 10−27 kg.
- 33RADIOACTIVEEmitting or relating to the emission of ionizing radiation or particles
- 34SOLUTIONA liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent)
- 35SOLVENTAble to dissolve other substances.
- 36SPECIFIC HEATThe heat required to raise the temperature of the unit mass of a given substance by a given amount
- 37SURFACE TENSIONThe tension of the surface film of a liquid caused by the attraction of the particles in the surface layer by the bulk of the liquid, which tends to minimize surface area
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- Flashcards on Flashcards Chapter 2, created by Enrique Armendariz Escobar on 27/02/2021.
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- Enrique Armendariz Escobar
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