Flashcards
Chapter 1-3 Unit Test - Geography
Cards in this deck (46)
- 1What is a "clustered" population distribution pattern?The population is
tightly packed in a small area
Ex: Vancouver Suburbs - 2What is a "scattered" population distribution pattern?Spread over a large area and not grouped together
Ex: Rural farm areas, like Picton
- 3What is a "linear" population distribution pattern?The population lines up along a natural or human-built feature
Ex: Venice, Italy
- 4What is a "peripheral" population distribution pattern?The population surrounds a feature or circles the edge of a territory
Ex: Central Park
- 5What is population density and how do you calculate it?The number of people in a given area
Number of people ➗ km2 - 6What are the levels of population density?Low Population Density - 15 people per km2
Moderate Population Density - In between low and high population density
High Population Density - 150 people per km2 - 7What are natural factors?The availability of resources like good soil for farming, climate, freshwater, vegetation and landforms
- 8What are environmental factors?Natural - People want to live where they feel most comfortable
Ex: California, Florida, Northern Canada - 9What is arable land?Natural - An area with fertile soil in a moderate climate, with a consistent water supply, that can be used to grow crops
Ex: Netherlands, Western China - 10What are water factors?Natural - Water is essential to life. Regular access to water is another key factor
Ex: St. Lawrence River, Great Lakes - 11What are natural disaster factors?Natural - Places where these occur present a challenge for people who live there
Ex: Japan and Hawaii - 12What are historical factors?Human - Areas where settlement has historically occurred are still growing today
Ex: WW2, Fur trade - 13What are political factors?Human - Government policies can encourage or discourage settlement
Ex: North Korea, Trump - 14What are economic factors?Human - People want to live where plentiful economic opportunities exist
Ex: Cabot, Gold rushes - 15What are the levels of settlement hierarchy?Hamlet – fewer than 100
Village – 100+
Town – 1000+
City – 100 000+
Megacity – 10 million+
Megaregion – 237 million+ - 16What are the ways climate change is influencing settlements?Warmer temperatures
Changing precipitation patterns
More frequent and extreme storms
Rising sea levels
Coastal erosion - 17How are warmer temperatures impacting the world?Extending growing seasons
New crops
Increased settlement (North)
Increased transportation
Change in employment opportunities - 18How are changing precipitation patterns impacting the world?Temperature change = more water*
Can positively or negatively impact agriculture
Could cause drought (*sometimes less)
Change in growing seasons (reliance issue) - 19How are more frequent and extreme storms impacting the world?Can destroy infrastructure and settlements
More wind + More water + Warmer temperature = Worse storms
Insearced protection against storms in coastal populations
Ex: Hati, Katrina - 20How are more frequent and extreme storms impacting the world?Global sea levels are rising (3.2 mm/year), which is going to double
Melting ice caps
Warm temps mean larger oceans (heat reflection)
More flooding and land reclamation - 21How is coastal erosion impacting the world?Erosion - Wearing away of Earth’s surface by wind, water, or glacial action
This leads to extreme weather
The gradual wearing could eliminate settlements (sinking homes)
People love coastal areas but construction
breaks natural walls - 22Why is climate change happening????
Population increase =
More emissions (C02) =
Greenhouse effect
In 75 years, the sea level can go up to 4 ft
Government has acknowledged climate change - 23Describe the global migration trendThe number of the global migrants has is expected to double by 2050
This is due to push and pull factors - 24Describe the urbanization trendMore resources
Less maintenance
More access to services (lots)
More job opportunities (higher pay) - 25Describe the urban sprawl trendSuburb land is cheaper
More quiet/peaceful
More space/area
Not enough space in the city - 26Describe the costal settlement trendWater = useful, coastal populations = high
Not enough space inland
Expanding using land reclamation
Expanding creating islands (artificial) - 27What are pull factors? Give examplesA social, economic, environmental, or political attraction that drives migrants to an area
Ex: Better jobs, better education, unification, policy, ect. - 28What are push factors? Give examplesA social, economic, environmental, or political forces that drive migrants away from an area
Ex: War, security, natural disasters, opposing the policy, disagree with norms - 29What is light pollution, its causes, and effects?The brightening of the night sky with artificial light
Street lights on all night (urban areas)
Changes behaviour/disrupts animals
Kills 1B birds every year - 30What is air pollution, its causes, and effects?The contamination of the air by chemicals and harmful gasses causing “smog”
Cities produce lots of CO2 filling the air
Natural causes occasionally
Causes disease (7M die every year)
Public transport is key to fixing - 31What is water & soil pollution, its causes, and effects?Pollutants (mainly sewage) is entering cities' (drinking) waterways and land
The infrastructure cannot keep up with the “demand” (population waste)
Landfills not safe
Contaminates water
Slows growth of plants - 32What is deforestation, its causes, and effects?The reduction of forests (trees) for the purpose of human commodities
Urban sprawl, wildfires, development by companies and government causes it
Trees offset CO2, take it way, less O2 more CO2 and loss of habitat - 33What is loss of arable land, its causes, and effects?Overfarming resulting in soil being deprived of nutrients
More people = more food = more farming
Causes drought, fewer farmers, less food, high prices, migration, uninhabitable land - 34What is loss of habitat, its causes, and effects?Urban expansion disrupting the habitats of animal populations
More space for humans = less for animals
One "link" broken can cause an entire ecosystem to collapse, species extinct - 35UrbanAreas or populations inside cites or towns
- 36RuralAreas or populations outside cities
- 37Carrying CapacityThe maximum number of people that a region can support without running out of resources
- 38Arable LandAn area with fertile soil in a moderate climate, with a consistent water supply, that can be used to grow crops
- 39MigrationThe movement of people (normally groups) from one place to another
- 40Population DistributionThe patterns of how people are arranged in an area
- 41Population DensityThe number of people in a given area
- 42DenseDescribes high population density
Many people crowded together in a given area - 43SparseDescribes low population density
A small number of people scattered over a large area - 44UrbanizationThe process by which the percentage of people living in urban areas increases
- 45InfrastructureThe basic equipment and services that a city or country needs to function well, such as roads, bridges, and schools
- 46Urban SprawlThe expansion of a city into previously undeveloped areas