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| Question | Answer |
| processes of mitosis | |
| cloning | isolate donor nucleus, get unfertilized eggs, remove the egg's nucleus, insert donor nucleus and then place the egg into womb |
| process of meiosis 1 | |
| process of meiosis 2 | no synapsis occurs during prophase 2 |
| spermatogenesis | |
| oogenesis | |
| non-disjunction | the failure of homologous chromosomes to seperate |
| non-disjunction diseases | down syndrome= trisomy 21 Edwards syndrome= trisomy 18 turners syndrome= monosomy X |
| karyotypes | a picture of an individual's chromosomes during metaphase -can tell a doctor what genetic disorders you many have/ carrier of genetic disease, etc. |
| Mendel's principle of segregation | principle of segregation: In diploid organisms, chromosome pairs (and their alleles) are separated into individual gametes (eggs or sperm) to transmit genetic information to offspring. |
| Mendel's principle of independent assortment | Alleles on different chromosomes are distributed randomly to individual gametes. |
| sex-linked traits | dominant sex-linked diseases affect 100% of males but only females is the mom is a carrier/ has the disease and the dad has the disease |
| sex-linked diseases | colour blindness, hemophilia |
| monohybrid punnet square | |
| dihybrid punnett square | |
| incomplete dominance | when both alleles show through the phenotype -ex. flowers |
| co-dominance | both dominant alleles show through phenotype -ex. cows |
| multiple alleles | ex. blood type |
| autosomal pedigrees | equally affects males and females |
| sex-linked pedigrees | affects one gender more than the other, usually male |
| genetic disorders | down syndrome= trisomy 21 Edwards syndrome= trisomy 18 turners syndrome= monosomy X |
| DNA structure | |
| DNA replication | A+T G+C |
| gene therapy | some people get genetic counselling before and after genetic testing to prepare and inform them before seeing their results |
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