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Flashcards

Disparities in Wealth and Development

Daniel Evans English 40 cards

Cards in this deck (40)

  1. 1Literacy RateThe percentage of the adult population with basic reading and writing skills
  2. 2Malnutrition PrevalenceMalnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of children under 5): Prevalence of child malnutrition is the percentage of children under age 5 whose height for age (stunting) is more than two standard deviations below the median for the international reference population ages 0-59 months. For children up to two years old height is measured by recumbent length. For older children height is measured by stature while standing. The data are based on the WHO's new child growth standards released in 2006.
  3. 3Gross National Product per Capita (GNP)the total value of goods produced and services provided by a country during one year, equal to the gross domestic product plus the net income from foreign investments.
  4. 4Gross National Income (GNI)the personal consumption expenditure, the gross private investment, the government consumption expenditures, the net income from assets abroad (net income receipts), and the gross exports of goods and services, after deducting two components: the gross imports of goods and services, and the indirect business taxes.
  5. 5Marginalizationthe process of being pushed to the edge of economic activity, of being largely left out of positive economic trends.
  6. 6land ownershipreal estate term that usually refers to a property that generates income for the owner without the owner having to do the actual work of the estate.
  7. 7EthnicityA social division based on national origin, religion, language, and often race.
  8. 8Millennium Development GoalsThe United Nations Millennium Development Goals are eight goals that all 191 UN member states have agreed to try to achieve by the year 2015. The United Nations Millennium Declaration, signed in September 2000, commits world leaders to combat poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental degradation, and discrimination against women. The MDGs are derived from this declaration, and all have specific targets and indicators.
  9. 9DisparityAn inequality; a gap; an imbalance
  10. 10Human Development Index (HDI)A measure of development which combines three important aspects of human well-being: life-expectancy, education (adult literacy and average years of schooling) and income (adjusted to local cost of living e.g GNI (PPP).
  11. 11Developmentthe process in which someone or something grows or changes and becomes more advanced
  12. 12GDI (Gender-related Development Index)The gender-related development index compares level of inequalities between male and females; it also uses the same indicators as the HDI (orientated around each gender).
    • Life Expectancy
    • Education (Adult Literacy rates and primary: tertiary gross enrollment ratio)
    • Incomes (at purchasing power parity in USD)
  13. 13NutritionNutrition can also be used as an indicator for human development/inequalities, The raw percentage of malnourished and undernourished represents amount of poverty and development. A high percentage would mean that many people have little access to food and water - basic necessities. Which would also suggest that there would be deficiency diseases such as Kwashiorkor.
  14. 14MDG (Millennium Development Goal) #1Eradicating Poverty and Hunger
  15. 15MDG (Millennium Development Goal) #2Achieve Universal Primary Education
  16. 16MDG (Millennium Development Goal) #3Promote Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women
  17. 17MDG (Millennium Development Goal) #4Reduce Child Mortality
  18. 18MDG (Millennium Development Goal) #5Improve Maternal Health
  19. 19MDG (Millennium Development Goal) #6Combat AIDS/HIV and other Diseases
  20. 20MDG (Millennium Development Goal) #7Ensuring Environmental Sustainability
  21. 21MDG (Millennium Development Goal) #8Developing a Global Partnership for Development
  22. 22Trading BlocIs an arrangement among a group of nations to allow free trade between member countries but to impose tariffs (charges) on other countries who wish to trade with them [Protectionism].
  23. 23TradeThe transfer of the ownership of goods and service items from a individual or entity to another.
  24. 24Market AccessIs the amount of access a country has on another country's market.
  25. 25Fair TradeIs an organized movement which uses market-orientated approaches that aim to help producers in developing countries by
    - providing better trading conditions
    - to promote sustainability and fairness
    Leads to
    - Higher social and environmental standards
  26. 26Debt ReliefConsists of primarily the partial or total forgiveness of debt which may owed by a country to another country.
  27. 27AidThe voluntary transfer of resources from one nation to another with a specific cause, such as humanitarian aid (for emergencies) or development aid (for economic development).
  28. 28RemittancesThe transfer of money from an individual (typically a foreign worker) to his/her home country.
  29. 29GDP Gross Domestic Productthe total market value of all final goods and services produced annually in an economy
  30. 30Gini CoefficientA measure of income inequality within a population, ranging from zero for complete equality, to one if one person has all the income.
  31. 31Free TradeInternational trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
  32. 32DebtAn obligation or liability to pay or render something to someone else.
  33. 33MEDCMore economically developed country: a highly industrialized country with high average GNP per capita.
  34. 34LEDCLess economically developed country: a country with low to moderate industrialization and low to moderate average GNP per capita.
  35. 35World BankA specialized agency of the United Nations that makes loans to countries for economic development, trade promotion, and debt consolidation. Its formal name is the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
  36. 36International Monetary Fund IMFa United Nations agency to promote trade by increasing the exchange stability of the major currencies
  37. 37Quantitative IndicatorsMeasures development with things that can be counted (GNP, GDP)
  38. 38Qualitative IndicatorsAttempt to describe a countries development in terms of improving quality of life (because they describe and not measure they are seen as less useful, when ranking a countries development).
  39. 39Composite IndicatorsIndicators that combine various variables into a single measure in an attempt to try and capture better information.
  40. 40Core-Periphery ModelA model that describes how economic, political, and/or cultural power is spatially distributed between dominant core regions, and more marginal or dependent semi-peripheral and peripheral regions.

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Flashcards on Disparities in Wealth and Development, created by Daniel Evans on 15/06/2015.
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Daniel Evans
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