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| Question | Answer |
| What function does the kidney performe? | The formation of urine, maintaining homeostasis, and of life |
| The kidneys regulate proper balance between what? | Body water content and salt |
| What waste product accumulate as a result of protein breakdown and quickly reaches toxic levels if not excreted? | Nitrogenous Waste |
| What is FILTERED from the blood and enters the nephrons? | Fluid, electrolytes, and wastes from metabolism |
| When are substances (wastes) SECRETED into the tubules? | When they are deemed useful to the body |
| What are the two nitrogen based toxin products excreted from the kidneys? | Urea and Ammonia |
| What chemical substances does the kidney help regulate? | Chloride, Sodium, Potassium, and Bicarbonate |
| How does the kidneys regulate the proper balance between body water content and salt? | By selectively retaining or excreting both substances as requirements demand |
| What does the JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS cells function in? | Blood Pressure Regulation |
| What happens when blood pressure is low? | The JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS cells secrete RENIN (a hormone) that initiates the constriction of blood vessels to raise blood pressure |
| Average body pH is what? | 4.0 to 8.0 Average is 6.0 |
| pH is high for what condition? | Alkalosis |
| pH is low for what condition? | Acidosis |
| Specific Gravity for an adult is what? | 1.005 to 1.030 Usually between1.010 - 1.025 |
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