3010686
Description
Flashcards by Kelsey Hopland, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Kelsey Hopland
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid contains information coded in its sequence of base pairs to constitute genes |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid transcribed from DNA, base pairing is translated into amino acids to synthesize proteins |
| central dogma of molecular genetics | DNA → RNA → proteins (transcription) (translation) |
| nucleotide | basic unit of DNA comprised of: deoxyribose, phosphate group, nitrogenous base |
| purines | two-ringed nitrogenous base 1. adenine 2. guanine |
| pyrimidines | one-ringed nitrogenous base 1. thymine 2. cytosine 3. uracil |
| directionality | 3' → 5' |
| Watson & Crick | credited with the discovery of DNA's antiparallel helical structure |
| topoisomerase | uncoils complementary strands of DNA to prepare for replication |
| DNA helicase | breaks the hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs to unwind DNA during replication |
| replication fork | opening in DNA molecule created by DNA helicase which allows replication to occur |
| semiconservative | used to describes the method in which DNA replicates, such that each new daughter helix contains one parent strand and a newly synthesized strand |
| DNA polymerase | action results in the creation of a new DNA daughter strand, by method of adding complementary bases in an antiparallel fashion |
| leading strand | DNA daughter strand which is continually synthesized by DNA polymerase from the 3' to the 5' end of the replication fork |
| lagging strand | DNA daughter strand which is synthesized discontinuously in Okazaki fragments to compensate for the backwards directionality |
| DNA ligase | joins together Okazaki fragments during DNA replication |
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