Flashcards
Lower Limb: Hip Joint
Cards in this deck (7)
- 1Nerve Supply to Hip Joint (According to Hilton's Law = nerves that cross it or innervate muscle that cross it innervate the hip joint)Anterior: Femoral Nerve (iliacus)
Posterior: Superior Gluteal Nerve (glut. med), Nerve to QF (piriformis, gemelli)
Medial: Obturator Nerve
(include picture) - 2Arterial Supply to Hip JointInternal iliac artery branches:
Superior Gluteal Artery: enters posterior side through GSF, above piriformis.
Between glut med. & glut min
Runs up iliac fossa and back down.
Inferior Gluteal Artery: enters posterior side through GSF, below piriformis, same depth as s.g.a.
Branches of profundus femoris:
-Lateral Circumflex Artery: branches off & supplies anterior side, anastmose w/ s.g.a.
-Medial Circumflex Artery: branches off & supplies posterior side, anastmose w/ i.g.a
l.c.a and m.c.a anastmose and form a circular loop bracing the femoral neck.
From these branch off the retinacular arteries, which perforate the joint capsule and run up to the femoral head.
= main supply to hip joint (joint capsule, synovial membrane & femoral head) - 3Hip (femoral head/neck) fracture: clinical implicationsFracture can damage the arterial supply to the femoral head (lat & med circumflex a.), causing the fractured head to become ischaemic and necrose.
If fracture is at or above the neck (capital, subcapital or cervical), it likely damaged the blood supply to the fractured head.
If fracture is below the neck (trochantic, subtrochantic) then chances of damage are lower - 4Treatment for Hip Fracture, if blood supply to fractured femoral head is lostSurgery to remove ischaemic/necrotic femoral head: necrotic tissue will damage surrounding tissue otherwise!!!
Semi-arthroplasty (replacing femoral head, which will articulate with remaining acetabulum) or full hip replacement (replacing femoral head & inserting artificial socket at acetabulum, which will articulate together) - 5Treatment for Hip Fracture, if blood supply to fractured femoral head still remains intactDynamic Hip Screw: head of femur is screwed onto the neck so the fractured ends are meeting, allowing the fracture to heal. Once fracture heals, screws are removed
- 6Hip Dislocations: -types -causes for each type -which one is more common? - what damage must we watch out for?Posterior Dislocation: most common.
Causes - strong anterior force on knee when leg is flexed and adducted
i.e. car crash.
Common in hip replacements
Anterior Dislocation: less common
Causes - fast & forceful/extreme abduction and external rotation at the same time
Damaged structures to watch out for:
- arteries (lat. & med. circumflex) - 7—
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- Flashcards on Lower Limb: Hip Joint, created by Catherine L. on 09/04/2021.
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- Catherine L.
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