302208
| Question | Answer |
| Taphonomy | Study of processes that affect organic materials after decomposition |
| Sedentism | -A residence pattern of permanent, year-round settlement (came w/ the spread of agriculture) |
| Dabenkeng Pottery | -incised: Pottery that is decorated by cutting it or carving into the clay -Corded: Pottery marked by cords |
| Lapita culture (1350-750 BCE) | -marked by pottery w/ sand/crushed-shell tempers -> i.e.: globular pots and open bowls -marked by "tattooed" pottery later |
| Clovis Points (13,100-12,900 BCE) | small projectile points/knives that were artificially worked using pressure flaking & bear a basal flute for hafting |
| Folsom Points (12,500 BP) |
Image:
folsom_point (image/jpg)
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| Stemmed Points |
Image:
stemmed_points (image/jpg)
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| Core | parent rock from which flakes are detached |
| Hammerstones | -tool with battering or crushing use-wear along the edge where it has struck a core, usually round or oval shaped. (i.e.: Oldowan tools) |
| Billet | part of antler that used to be attached to the skull of an animal. |
| Antler Tine | use of antler for pressure flaking, to remove smaller flakes from a biface. |
| Debitage | Waste materials/refutes from making stone tools (i.e.: flakes) |
| Flake | A sharp-edged piece of stone detached from a core |
| Artifact Type | a bundling of attributes of an artifact, of which it can be classified on |
| Artifact attributes | physical characteristics used by people to distinguish one artifact from another. (i.e.: That shirt is red while his is blue.) |
| Functional Classification | Functional types are based on how they are used in everyday life by the culture. -> i.e.: weapons, tools, clothing, food collection & prep. |
| Chronological Classification | defined by the form of the object and how that form is a time marker and have chronological significance (i.e.: different types of projectile points for different periods of time) |
| Descriptive Classiifcaton | Descriptive types are based on the form of the artifact – physical or external characteristics. (i.e.: shape, size color, material, etc.) |
| Stylistic Classification | Stylistic types utilize style to convey information to the public about cultural norms or beliefs. (i.e.: diff. type of stone heads w/ diff. meanings/ conveyances during different periods) |
| Shell Mound/ Midden | midden: a concentration of cultural debris Shell mound: a midden primarily made up of shell where fishing is a primary subsistence strategy |
| Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) | -weather pattern of Holocene Africa which affected landscape & way of living (i.e.: diff. crops @ certain times) |
| Isostatic Rebound | when the land rebounds from the melting of ice that has compressed it and rises above sea level bcuz of it (Happened in Holcene Europe) |
| Eustatic Change | When sea levels change bcuz of ice melt entering the oceans (sea levels are increasing) |
| Ascribed Status | Social status based on a person's name or family lineage (you rule or are imp. because you're related to these people) |
| Achieved Status | Social status gained by some means |
| Court Tomb | Megalithic Tomb with: -open space in front (entrance) -multiple chambers |
| Portal Tomb | Neolithic tomb type w/: -3/ more upright stones -single chamber (i.e.: Dolmen structures) |
| Cuneiform | A form of script used in SW Asia during the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age |
| Menhir | Megalithic structure that consists of upright/standing stones which are often arranged in a circles/ lines -i.e.: Carnac |
| Dolmen | Megalithic structure that consists of 3/more upright/standing stones with a stone on top; act as burial ground in man cases. |
| Tumulus | Megalithic structure constructed out of a mound of earth, grass, and stones that cover a tomb (totally closed off by dirt) -i.e.: Newgrange, Ireland |
| Henge Monuments | include an enclosure, usually a circular ditch and bank, up to 1,600 feet in diameter. -i.e.: Stonehenge, England |
| Passage Tomb | -Elongated tomb that could possible have more than one chamber. (There is literally a passage leading to the chamber(s)) |
| Wedge Tomb | Neolithic tomb type that is narrow at one end and, subsequently, forms a wedge shape |
| Biface | -a stone artifact that possesses two worked “faces.” (A TYPE of stone technology) |
| Graver | A tool with intentionally flaked point or beak, the bit is usually wider than long. (TYPE of stone tool technology) |
| End Scraper | -tool with significant working on an edge, the worked edge has a high angle. |
| Drill |
Image:
stone_drill (image/jpg)
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| Projectile Points | -are typically significantly smaller and start around 1,500 BP in the Western United States i.e.: arrowheads |
| Longhouses | -political/ religious significance |
| Continental Shelf | -extended perimeter of each continent and associated coastal plain -exposed during glacial periods -now submerged |
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