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Flashcards by Natalya White3647, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Ben C
almost 9 years ago
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Copied by Natalya White3647
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| CHANGES: What happened to the law system in Britain when the Romans left? | The unified system of law and order largely collapsed. |
| CHANGE: What was the new structure of society? | -Basic. -Small-scale. -Local. -Many different systems of law across Britain. |
| CHANGE: Which two factors affected crime and punishment in Anglo Saxon times? | -The importance of local community and family. -The influence of the Christian Church. |
| SOCIETY: What was the biggest importance in Anglo Saxon society? | Kinship and family ties. |
| SOCIETY: What effect did this have on crime and punishment? | Family groups stuck together in support of their kin. |
| LAW: How was the law enforced? | -No police force or army. -Nobody to enforce the law. -Up to the victims of the crime to punish the wrongdoer themselves. |
| SOCIETY: What was a blood feud? | -A person had the right to kill the accused person or a member of their family. -This had a knock on effect as families tried to take revenge on each other. -This led to long-running family feuds and violence, hence the name blood feud. |
| SOCIETY: What was the attitude to blood feuds later on in the Anglo Saxon period? | -Seen as causing as much violence as it was supposed to punish. -Also made it difficult for less powerful or less violent people to get justice. |
| SOCIETY: When did the blood feud end? | End of the 9th century. |
| LAW: By 1000, who became responsible for enforcing the law? | Tithings, which was a group of ten free males. |
| LAW: What did the tithing act as? | A system of collective responsibility. |
| LAW ENFORCEMENT: What was the hue and cry? | The call of a victim to communities asking them to help track down the accused. |
| LAW CHANGE: How were Anglo-Saxon laws different to Roman laws? | There were much more localised as Britain was split up into different kingdoms for much of the period. |
| LAW: Who was responsible for making the law, how did they do so and who was in charge of it? | -The role of the king in law enforcement and making grew. -They had advisers who could guide them. -The king was in overall charge of the law. |
| LAW: What was the 'king's peace'? | The king's responsibility that all subjects could live and travel around without fear. |
| LAW: What was the Codes of Law and compare them to the Roman Institutes of Justinian? | -Produced by later Anglo-Saxon kings. -Not as complete as the Roman Institutes of Justinian because most of Anglo-Saxon law was unwritten - it was based on custom. |
| LAW: What was the wergeld? | Compensation if someone was killed or murdered. |
| LAW: What was the botgeld? | Compensation for injuries. |
| LAW: What did the rates of the botgeld and the wergeld depend on? | The social rank of the person killed or injured. |
| RELIGION: What was the first sign of the influence of Christianity? | After the Synod of Whitby in 663, when Anglo-Saxon kings converted to Christianity. |
| RELIGION: What effect did religion have (changes)? | -What was classified a crime. -How people were punished for crimes. -The beginning of the idea of God acting as a judge on who was innocent or guilty. |
| LAW: What was the effect on law due to the influence of the Church? | New laws were brought in. |
| CRIME: For the following crimes, what was the appropriate punishment? 1) Minor crimes (petty theft) 2) Major crimes or repeat offences 3) Stealing 4) Slander 5) More serious crimes (arson, murder) 6) Most serious crimes (treason against the king) | 1) Fines. 2) Fines ; confiscation of property ; beatings, floggings. 3) Cutting off hands or feet. 4) Cutting off tongue. 5) Execution (most commonly hanging, but occasionally beheading, burning, stoning or drowning. 6) Execution by beheading, burning or hanging. |
| PUNISHMENT CHANGE: What was the main difference between Roman and Anglo-Saxon punishments? | -Death penalty less centralized in AS. -Mutilations more common as it gave the guilty the change to repent and save their soul in AS. -Introduced idea of reformation. -Minority view for centuries. |
| TRIAL: What was 'trial by the community'? | The guilt or innocence was decided in court by a jury made up of local men who knew the people involved. |
| TRIAL: What was the 'trial by ordeal'? | If the jury couldn't agree, the judgement of God would be revealed on the case. |
| TRIAL: Who was responsible for the 'trial by ordeal'? | The Church. |
| TRIAL: What was the 'ordeal by hot water'? | The accused plunged his arm into boiling water. |
| TRIAL: What was the 'ordeal by fire'? | The accused had to walk three paces carrying a red hot iron. |
| TRIAL: In these two trials, how was God's judgement revealed? | -By the priest inspecting the hand three days later. -If the wounds had NOT festered, the accused was innocent. |
| TRIAL: What was the 'ordeal by cold water'? | -Mainly used for slaves. -If the accused sank in a pool, he was innocent. |
| TRIAL: What was the 'ordeal by sacrament'? | -Only used for priests. -Declared innocent if they could eat the holy bread without choking. |
| TRIAL: What would happen if someone was found guilty by one of these two main methods? | -They were condemned by the court to punishment set down by the law. -The most common form of punishment for this was the payment of compensation or fines. -However, more serious crime were treated more harshly. |
| COURTS: What were the Royal Courts? | King decided cases involving his lords and most serious crimes. Met twice a year. |
| COURTS: What were the Shire Courts? | Dealt with serious crimes. Met twice a year. |
| COURTS: What were the Hundred Courts? | Dealt with lesser crimes. Met every month. |
| COURTS: What were the village and manor courts? | Landowner was the judge, dealt with people who broke local rules. |
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